Concept explainers
Introduction:
The transport mechanisms in plants can be long-distance transport and short-distance transport. The long-distance transport is facilitated via vascular tissues throughout the plant body, while short-distance transport moves the substances into and across cells. There are three mechanisms that are responsible for the short-distance transport.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
Short-distance transport mechanisms in plants move water and dissolved materials by osmosis.
Explanation of Solution
Justification for the correct answer:
Option (a) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include the movement of water and dissolved materials by osmosis.” Osmosis is the mechanism that is responsible for the short-distance transport. Osmosis is a process responsible for the movement of substances across cells due to concentration gradient. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation for incorrect answer:
Option (b) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include bulk flow of solutes and water.” Bulk flow is driven by pressure gradients that occur through the long-distance transport mechanism that uses vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the size of the molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanism is responsible for the movement of substances across the selectively permeable membranes according to concentration gradient. Size of the substance matters because only a certain size can be passed through the membrane pores or transporters. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (d) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the charge of molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanisms are accomplished via osmosis. It is a process that moves the substances across a semipermeable membrane. There are many factors that affect the rate of osmosis, the permeability of membrane being one of them. The permeability of membrane is determined by the charge of the solute. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, short-distance transport mechanism moves water and other dissolved solutes into and across cells via osmosis.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science
- What are ways in which plants accomplish tissue-level transport?a. transmembrane transport of solutes from one cell to anotherb. symplastic transport of materials from one cell to another viaplasmodesmatac. apoplastic transport of water and dissolved solutes through cell wallsand intercellular spacesd. All of the above are used for tissue-level transport.e. None of the above are used for tissue-level transport.arrow_forwardIn the process of exocytosis, vesicles coming from the inside of the cell fuse with the plasma membrane which travels across the membrane to be released outside the cell. This type of transport usually applies to enzymes and hormones. Can you cite an Texample in plants where this form of transport is beneficial? How about in animals?arrow_forwardWhat is true about osmosis? Select one: a. it is passive movement of water across a membrane b. it is an active process c. it must require special proteins d. it is the driving force for water movement from the root to the shoot e. it involves movement of water toward its highest concentrationarrow_forward
- Plants obtain water and nutrients from the soil.a. What structure in a plant uses water in a metabolic reaction? What is this metabolic process called? b. Describe in detail two mechanisms by which water can move from the roots to this location c. If a plant was exposed to saltwater, how would it affect the above processes? Be specific, including a discussion of water potential d. How do plants absorb minerals from the soil? Does this process require energy?arrow_forwardIf you place a flaccid plant cell with ΨS = -0.4 MPa in pure water, which of the following will occur? A. Water will not enter the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and low water potential. B. Water enters the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and low water potential. C. Water enters the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and high water potential. D. Water will not enter the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and high water potential.arrow_forwardi. Based on Figure 2, identify the structure that regulates the movement of water and minerals towards the xylem in the root ii. Predict what will happen to the transportation of water and minerals through the plasma membrane if the root was poisoned and no cellular respiration occurred. iii. . Nitrate and phosphate are important anions for plants. Explain how the movement of protons (H+) influence the anions uptake across the plasma membrane of the root hair cellsarrow_forward
- Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.arrow_forwardIf I were to make a transport molecule for plants, what would be the best characteristics that should be part of it?arrow_forwardIn farming communities, there is a concern that over irrigation can leech nutrients out of the soil, flood a farm area, and add salt to the soil in a process called salinization. The overall negative results are that some plants cannot germinate (grow from seed) and other adult or growing plants will die. Explain what is happening on the cell level, in regards to transport across the cell membrane, why seeds might not germinate, and why adult plants might die.arrow_forward
- Explain what would happen if a plant cell was placed in a hypotonic environment and why (be sure to include solute concentrations, water movement and turgor pressure in your explanation)?arrow_forwardhow is the transport system of a plant similar to the transport system of a frog? how do the system differ?arrow_forward2) Name and describe the three types of compartments found in plants in terms of water relations. How do these relate to the three different routes that an ion can take as it moves from the soil and through plant tissue?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning