Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The long-distance transport mechanism of organic compounds is called translocation. Translocation occurs from the source of the production of the organic substance via loading it into sieve tubes to the sink, where it is unloaded. Sucrose is the most commonly transported organic substance via the long-distance transport mechanism.
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According to the pressure-flow model, sugar is actively transported into phloem anda. enters xylem, where it is moved toward the leaves due to transpiration.b. creates pressure to move water toward the roots.c. is transported out of the leaves through stomata.d. water follows by osmosis, providing pressure that moves the water and sugar through the phloem.
When considering the loading and unloading of photosynthate from the phloem, which of the following is FALSE?
Select one:
a. Apoplastic phloem unloading enables the import of sugars against their concentration gradient into sink tissue.
b. In apoplastic loading, the solute potential of the companion cells is more negative than the apoplastic space nearby.
c. In apoplastic loading, proton pumps create electrochemical gradients that can be used by symporter proteins to import sugars into the companion cell.
d. All the statements are true.
e. Symplastic loading relies on diffusion of the sugars through plasmodesmata from photosynthetic cells to the phloem cells.
Plants obtain water and nutrients from the soil.a. What structure in a plant uses water in a metabolic reaction? What is this metabolic process called? b. Describe in detail two mechanisms by which water can move from the roots to this location c. If a plant was exposed to saltwater, how would it affect the above processes? Be specific, including a discussion of water potential d. How do plants absorb minerals from the soil? Does this process require energy?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 34.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 34.1 - Explain how the apoplastic, symplastic, and...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 34.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 34.5 - Compare and contrast translocation and...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 34 - An indoor gardener leaving for vacation completely...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 34 - Discuss Concepts Concerns about global climate...Ch. 34 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 34 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking A variety of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 34 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 34 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Water potential is (a) the formation of a proton gradient across a cell membrane (b) the transport of a watery solution of sugar in phloem (c) the transport of water in both xylem and phloem (d) the removal of sucrose at the sink, causing water to move out of the sieve tubes (e) the free energy of water in a particular situationarrow_forwardMovement of phloem sap from a source to a sink(A) occurs through the apoplast of sieve-tube elements.(B) depends ultimately on the activity of proton pumps.(C) depends on tension, or negative pressure potential.(D) results mainly from diffusion.arrow_forwardThe following statements are correct except* a. Assimilates are transported from areas of supply to areas of metabolism or storage. b. The transport of assimilates in the phloem is bi-directional. c. Allocation is the distribution of assimilates to competing sinks. d. Sugars, phytohormones and amino acids are transported in the phloem.arrow_forward
- Why do land plants have stomates (sometimes called stomata)? a. To allow plants to take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. b. All of the choices are true; none are false. c. To control water loss while allowing for the uptake of some raw materials of photosynthesis. d. They allow the plant to have some control over transpiration rates.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are false? A. Water is actively transported from source cells into companion cells. B. The transport of sucrose into the Osieve tube elements increases water potential in the phloem. C. The transport of water from the xylem into the phloem increases the O pressure which forces the sucrose water mixture down towards the sink. D. Transpiration cause the water to O move up to the leaves through the vessel elements. E. A and B F. B and Carrow_forwardApproximately 10 percent of water within the atmosphere has been released by plants by transpiration. Which is the best method for measuring the transpiration rate within an individual plant? A. Measure osmotic pressure within the guard cells to determine amount of time stomata are open. B. Weigh the plant before and after a 24 hour period while accounting for evaporation from the soil. C. Access the abiotic conditions and how the plant has adapted to its native environment. D. Measure water loss by placing a plastic bag over a stem of the plant and subtracting the amount of water released into the bag from the amount of water within the soil.arrow_forward
- This is the location of the carbon fixation reactions in C4 plants. Select one: a. the leaf's spongy mesophyll b. none of these answers c. the leaf's bundle sheath cells d. the palisade mesophyll e. the nearest apical meristemarrow_forwardWhat is the function of xylem vessels? A. composed of dead lignified cells connected end to end B. allows the transport of water and minerals in the upward direction C. carries the products of photosynthesis in a bidirectional movement D. composed of sieve tubes that are closely associated with companion cells to facilitate movement of materialsarrow_forwardThere is a trade-off between photosynthesis and transpiration in leaves because (a) numerous stomatal pores provide both gas exchange for photosynthesis and openings through which water vapor escapes (b) a waxy layer, the cuticle, reduces water loss (c) blue light triggers an influx of potassium ions (K+) into the guard cells (d) leaves of deciduous plants abscise as winter approaches in temperate climates (e) stomata are closed at night, although water continues to move into the roots by osmosisarrow_forward
- The pressure-flow model of phloem transport states thata. phloem content always flows from the leaves to the root.b. phloem content always flows from the root to the leaves.c. water flow takes sucrose from a source to a sink.d. water pressure creates a flow of water toward the source.e. Both c and d are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would tend to increase transpiration?(A) spiny leaves(B) sunken stomata(C) a thicker cuticle(D) higher stomatal densityarrow_forward
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