Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.5, Problem 1CSC
Puzzling Proteins
All cells use DNA as a blueprint for producing more cells, and viruses use either DNA or RNA. Before the discovery of prions, however, no infectious agent had ever been discovered that completely lacked genetic material composed of
In addition to lacking genetic material, prions also lack another component that all other infectious agents possess: a surrounding membrane. What kinds of molecules are involved in the construction of membranes?
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1. Lytic phages lyse their host cells, whereas temperate phages either lyse their host or integrate their DNA into the host cell’s genome. Prophage DNA often codes for gene products that confer new properties on the host. Filamentous single-stranded DNA phages are extruded from the host cells without killing the cell.
How can a productive phage infection not kill a host cell?
2. Peptidoglycan is a molecule unique to bacteria that provides strength to the cell wall. The Gram-positive cell wall is composed of a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan as well as teichoic acids. Gram-negative cell walls have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and a lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane. Penicillin and lysozyme interfere with the structural integrity of peptidoglycan.
What is the significance of lipid A?
21.An RNA or DNA molecule is a polymer made of subunits called
22.Which of the following is NOT needed for protein synthesis
a, tRNA
b, spindle fibers
c, enzymes
d, ribosomes
23. What does DNA do inside the cell?
it destroys incorrect nucleotides in the nucleus
it maintains the integrity of the nuclear membrane
It prevents the excess buildup of nucleotide bases
it directs the synthesis of proteins
24.
What is a genome?
Group of answer choices
The complete collection of an organisms genetic information
The combination of proteins and DNA found in the sex cells
All the genes found in a population
The number of chromosomes found in each cell
19) Which of the following proteins would you expect a mutation in for a virus to infect a new host cell?
RNA Dependent RNA polymerase/Reverse Transcriptase/DNA polymerase/etc.
Hemagglutinin/Glycoprotein/GP120/etc.
Fusion protein
Capsid/Nucleocapsid proteins
20) The protein you chose in 19 you chose because it’s responsible for __________________________.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.1 - which of these is/are polar molecules? (you may...Ch. 3.1 - explain why functional groups are important in...Ch. 3.1 - name and describe the properties of seven...Ch. 3.2 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.3 - describe the major types of carbohydrates?Ch. 3.3 - A 19-year old 6' 2' male weighing 297 pounds comes...Ch. 3.3 - Describe hydrolysis of this molecule.Ch. 3.3 - provide examples of each type of carbohydrate and...Ch. 3.4 - Infectious prions such as those that cause mad cow...
Ch. 3.4 - describe protein subunits and how proteins are...Ch. 3.4 - Look up the rest of the amino acids and. based on...Ch. 3.4 - explain the four levels of protein structure and...Ch. 3.4 - Why do many proteins, when heated excessively....Ch. 3.4 - list several functions of proteins and provide...Ch. 3.4 - describe the properties of Intrinsically...Ch. 3.5 - Puzzling Proteins All cells use DNA as a blueprint...Ch. 3.5 - describe the general structure of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - Why a Perm Is (Temporarily) Permanent?Ch. 3.5 - list three different functions of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - explain how nucleic acids are synthesized?Ch. 3.5 - give two examples of nucleic acids and their...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 3.6 - FIGURE 3-22 Synthesis of a triglyceride...Ch. 3.6 - compare and contrast the structure and synthesis...Ch. 3.6 - An obese 55-year-old woman consults her physician...Ch. 3.6 - What kind of reaction breaks this molecule apart?Ch. 3.6 - why are steroid hormones able to diffuse through...Ch. 3.6 - describe the functions of fats, oils, and waxes?Ch. 3.6 - Why are steroid hormones able to diffuse through...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 3 - Based on their structure, sketch and explain how...Ch. 3 - In organic molecules made of chains of subunits,...Ch. 3 - Polar molecules a. dissolve in lipids. b. are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - Prob. 2ACCh. 3 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 3 - List the four principal classes of biological...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ACCh. 3 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 3 - Which of the following is not composed of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Fill in the following with the appropriate type of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQCh. 3 - Describe the synthesis of a protein from amino...Ch. 3 - Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In 2005, researcher Woo-suk Hwang reported that he had made immortal stem cells from human patients. His research was hailed as a breakthrough for people affected by degenerative diseases, because stem cells may be used to repair a persons own damaged tissues. Hwang published his results in a peer-reviewed journal. In 2006, the journal retracted his paper after other scientists discovered that Hwangs group had faked their data. Does the incident show that results of scientific studies cannot be trusted? Or does it confirm the usefulness of a scientific approach, because other scientists discovered and exposed the fraud?arrow_forwardStanley Miller's experiment demonstrated that _______. a. Earth is more than 4 billion years old b. under some conditions, amino acids can assemble spontaneously from inorganic materials c. oxygen is necessary for all life d. RNA was the first genomearrow_forwardMRSA has emerged as a serious infectious disease, with the first case of methicillin-resistant S. aureus being detected in 1961. Why are medical professionals so concerned when antibiotics exist that can kill MRSA? MRSA can transfer methicillin-resistance to other bacteria Patients are not treated with correct antibiotics rapidly enough to prevent serious illness MRSA could acquire additional antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria to become a “super bug." All of the above.arrow_forward
- Which statement is true of viroids? They are single-stranded RNA particles They reproduce only outside of the cell They produce proteins They affect both plants and animals.arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around? single-stranded binding proteins sliding clamp polymerase histonesarrow_forwardIn eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA wraps around ______. a. histone proteins b. sister chromatids c. the double helix d. centromeres e. nucleosomes f. mutationsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not associated with prions? Replicating shapes Mad cow disease DNA Toxic proteinsarrow_forwardIn the Hershey-Chase experiment with bacteriophages, (a) harmless bacterial cells permanently transformed into virulent cells (b) DNA was shown to be the transforming factor of earlier bacterial transformation experiments (c) the replication of DNA was conclusively shown to be semiconservative (d) viral DNA was shown to enter bacterial cells and cause the production of new viruses within the bacteria (e) viruses injected their proteins, not their DNA, into bacterial cellsarrow_forward8) Which of the following best describes why it is possible for the bacteria to read the instructions in a human gene and produce a human protein as a result? Bacterial cells and human cells are identical and contain the same organelles Bacterial cells and human cells both use DNA to store their genetic information The genetic code is universal - the same codon codes for the same amino acid in all species The bacterial cell already contains a gene that is very similar to the human growth hormone genearrow_forward
- Fill in the blank 1. A collection of bacterial plasmid’s each containing a different piece of DNA prepared from sheared mouse chromosomes is called _________. 2. RNAseq is a way of comparing relative levels of ___________ in two cell types.  3. When a molecule “prefers” an apolar environment over a polar environment, this molecule is said to be ______?arrow_forward3. The envelope of a flu virus helps the virus open and enter the cell and insert its DNA into the host cell genome. Group of answer choices True False 5. Which of the following is not characteristic of a mutation? Group of answer choices caused by errors in DNA replication, recombination or mutagens can involve large regions on a chromosome or a single gene can all be prevented by using common sense can cause many diseases like sickle cell diseasearrow_forwardFill in the blanks. The parentheses represent the choices for the blank. Scientists already knew that a special type of virus called a bacteriophage inserts genetic information into a bacterial cell in order to force the bacterial cell to make more bacteriophage viruses. What scientists did not know, however, was whether that genetic information is carried by the (proteins, DNA) covering the outside of the bacteriophage virus or by the (proteins, DNA) inside the bacteriophage virus.arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license