Concept explainers
The Doppler effect is a change in the observed frequency of a wave (such as a sound wave or light wave) when the source of the wave and observer are in motion relative to each other. The Doppler effect explains why an observer hears a change in pitch of an ambulance siren as the ambulance passes by the observer. The frequency
of a sound relative to an observer is given by
is the actual frequency of the sound at the source,
is the speed of sound in air (772.4 mph), and v is the speed at which the source of sound is moving toward the observer. Use this relationship for Exercises 99–100.
Suppose that an ambulance moves toward an observer.
a. Write F as a function of v if the actual frequency of sound emitted by the ambulance is 560 Hz.
b. Use a graphing utility to graph the function from part (a ) on the window [0, 1000, 100] by [0, 5000, 1000].
c. As the speed of the ambulance increases, what is the effect of the frequency of sound?
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