Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 35.3, Problem 1CSC
Stomach acid can be very destructive to the digestive tracts of people with bulimia, many of whom vomit several times daily. The strong acid in the stomach contents dissolves the protective enamel of teeth, making them extremely prone to decay. Stomach acid also damages tissues of the gums, throat, and esophagus. In extreme cases, the explosive pressure of repeated vomiting can tear or rupture the esophagus—a true medical emergency. Frequent vomiting weakens the stomach lining, allowing acid to attack the stomach wall, which may produce ulcers, and can even cause the stomach to rupture, a situation that can be fatal.
During normal digestion, food moves from the stomach to the small intestine—how is it processed there?
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 35.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 35.1 - You have probably seen articles warning of the...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 35.1 - explain how food energy is measured and how energy...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 35.2 - compare the various ways that invertebrates digest...Ch. 35.2 - explain how vertebrate digestive systems are...Ch. 35.3 - Stomach acid can be very destructive to the...
Ch. 35.3 - The causes of eating disorders are complex and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 35.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 35.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 35.3 - explain how the small intestine absorbs nutrients,...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 35.3 - describe feces and how they are produced and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 35 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 35 - Which of the following is False? a. Carbohydrates...Ch. 35 - Prob. 1RQCh. 35 - Prob. 2ACCh. 35 - Sponges rely exclusively on __________ digestion....Ch. 35 - Prob. 2MCCh. 35 - Prob. 2RQCh. 35 - Prob. 3ACCh. 35 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 35 - Prob. 3MCCh. 35 - Vertebrates can be grouped into three categories...Ch. 35 - The five major processes carried out by the...Ch. 35 - Prob. 4MCCh. 35 - Prob. 4RQCh. 35 - In humans, a cavity called the __________ is...Ch. 35 - Prob. 5MCCh. 35 - Prob. 5RQCh. 35 - Fats are dispersed by a secretion called...Ch. 35 - Prob. 6RQCh. 35 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 35 - Prob. 8RQCh. 35 - Name four structural or functional adaptations of...Ch. 35 - Prob. 11RQCh. 35 - Prob. 12RQ
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- Figure 34.11 Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pylloric sphincter.arrow_forwardFigure 16.7 Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. b. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. c. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. d. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter.arrow_forwardThe pH of human stomach acid ranges from 1.0 to 3.0, whereas a healthy esophagus has a pH of approximately 7.0. In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), often called acid reflux, stomach acid flows backward from the stomach into the esophagus. Repeated episodes in which esophageal pH goes below 4.0, considered clinical acid reflux, can result in bleeding ulcers and damage to the esophageal lining. The data in the Figure, from a patient with GERD, show esophageal pH during a sleeping reflux event. How many minutes does it take to go from the peak of the reflux event (when pH is most acidic) to when the reflux event is over? Source: Based on T. Demeester et al. 1976. Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease. Annals of Surgery 184:459469.arrow_forward
- Figure 34.19 Which of the following statements about digestive processes is true? Amylase, maltaseT and lactase in the mouth digest carbohydrates. Trypsin and lipase in the stomach digest protein. Bile emulsifies lipids in the small intestine. No food is absorbed until the small intestine.arrow_forwardThe ingestion of a meal high in fat would cause which of the following to occur? bile would be released to emulsify the fat severe indigestion caused by lack of sufficient digestive enzymes the acidic secretions of the stomach would be sufficient to completely digest the foodarrow_forwardIn celiac disease, the patient’s immune system attacks and damages the villi of the small intestine. Use this information and your understanding of the digestive system to explain why patients with undiagnosed celiac disease may develop disorders associated with nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia (from lack of iron) or osteoporosis (from lack of calcium), even if they are eating a healthy diet.arrow_forward
- Some of the intestinal epithelial cells, called goblet cells, contain small globules of mucus. Why are there cells in the small intestine that produce mucus?arrow_forwardThe inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis is thought to be a result of a breakdown of the mucus barriers within the intestine due to reduced mucus production. Therefore, in ulcerative colitis patients you would expect to observe a decrease in the amount of: 1) goblet cells 2) circular muscle 3) submucosa 4) serosaarrow_forwardIf the food that reaches the duodenum (duodenum) has a pH of approx. 1, which substance is most likely to be released by the epithelial cells? a) CCK that stimulates acid secretion b) Bile salts that stimulate acid secretion c) Histamine which inhibits acid secretion d) Secretin that inhibits acid secretionarrow_forward
- Which of the following best describe the function of goblet cells in the digestive tract? A. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion B. secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral C. provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food D. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future usearrow_forwardWhich of the following are absorbed into epithelial cells of the intestinal villi, but not into the blood? Amino Acids Dipeptides Tripeptides Both dipeptides and Tripeptides Amino Acids and Tripeptidesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a gastric-phase stimulus for acid secretion? Group of answer choices sight and smell of food distension of the stomach and the presence of protein and amino acids in the lumen of the stomach the presence of fat and protein digestion products in the lumen of the small intestine chewing and the act of swallowingarrow_forward
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Human digestive system - How it works! (Animation); Author: Thomas Schwenke;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3TAROotFfM;License: Standard Youtube License