Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections, 9th edition
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134653402
Author: SIMON, Dickey, Hogan, Reece Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON
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AP Environmental Science
Primary Productivity Problems
Net Primary Productivity efficiency can be calculated for terrestrial producers when values for insolation energy, respiration loss and gross productivity are known. Use the equations below to answer the following problems:
Net Primary Productivity = Gross Productivity – Respiration Loss
Efficiency = . NPP . X 100
Insolation Energy
In a rice paddy in Southeast Asia, the insolation energy is 6,000,000 calories/m2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.012 grams/cm2/day, and the respiration loss is 20 percent. One gram of rice is equivalent to 1000 calories.
Calculate the net primary productivity of the rice.
Find the efficiency of photosynthesis by the rice.
Could you mostly help me set it up and find it? So I can learn how to do it.
A group of researchers are assessing energy availability in a terrestrial ecosystem. The image shows the food web for this ecosystem. They set up three plots and assess the biomass of producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers. Rabbits and grasshoppers feed on ground cover plants that grow on the forest floor. Plot 1 is composed of mature hardwood trees, and only 25% of the sunlight reaches the shrubs and grasses compared to plots 2 and 3, which have fewer trees and allow more sunlight to reach the forest floor.
Based on the food web shown here, which of the following best describes how the reduction in sunlight to the forest floor would impact the number of primary consumers (squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit, and deer) in plot 1 compared to the other plots?
A - Plot 1 will show an increase in deer only because they feed on trees.
B - Plot 1 will show a decrease in squirrels and rabbits, while deer and grasshoppers will increase.
C - Plot 1 will show a decrease in rabbits and…
Earth has a total of 11.9 billion gha of productive land. How many people could Earth supportsustainably if the average ecological footprint were 8 gha per person (as in the United States)?
Chapter 37 Solutions
Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections, 9th edition
Ch. 37 - Fill in the blanks in the table below summarizing...Ch. 37 - Fill in the blanks in the table below summarizing...Ch. 37 - Which of the following groups is (are) absolutely...Ch. 37 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 37 - The open ocean and tropical rain forests...Ch. 37 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYK
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- Organisms at the lowest trophic level in a tallgrass prairie are all _______. a. two steps away from the original energy input b. autotrophs c. heterotrophs d. both a and b e. both a and carrow_forwardYou are studying primary productivity and biodiversity patterns of an ecosystem. The ecosystem is represented by the climatograph below. The Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is measured to be 5000 grams of carbon per square meter per year, and the Total Respiration (RT) is measured to be 300 grams of carbon per square meter per year. - What kind of biome is this? - Calculate the Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) for this ecosystem - What does the calculated NEP value indicate about the carbon balance and overall productivity of the ecosystem? (one sentence) - Based on both the climatograph and the NEP, what can you say about the biodiversity of plants versus consumers? Choice 1 of 4:plant biodiversity is greater than consumer biodiversity Choice 2 of 4:consumer biodiversity is greater than plant biodiversity Choice 3 of 4:consumer biodiversity is the same as plant biodiversity Choice 4 of 4:lower plant biodiversity compared to consumer biodiversityarrow_forwardA family travels from New York City to Costa Rica three times a year for a vacation. The family would like to purchase some forested land in the Catskills, keeping the trees intact as an offset to the carbon dioxide they produce travelling each year. How much forest must they purchase? Use the following assumptions to measure the carbon offset provided by this intact forest. • The biomass of the forest increases at an annual rate of 2.8 × 105 kg/ha. • The forest biomass is 45% carbon by mass. • There are four people in the family. • 0.2 kg of CO2 is produced each mile per person on the flight. • The round-trip distance is 4,500 miles. • There are 2.47 acres in one hectare. 1. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is accumulated and stored in 1.0 ha of this forest in one year. 2. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is emitted by the family as a result of their round-trip flights to Costa Rica each year. 3. Calculate the number of acres of forest that must be…arrow_forward
- In the following food chain, what biomass of phytoplankton will have been required to produce a 1 kg of big fish? Assume a typical figure for ecological efficiency. Phytoplankton eaten by Zooplankton eaten by Small fish eaten by Big fish A. 10 kg B. 10000 kg (10 metric tons) C. 100000 kg (100 metric tons) D. 100 kg E. 1000 kg (1 metric ton)arrow_forwardThe shape of an ecological pyramid, with each successive layer being smaller than the one below it, can be explained most readily by:a. the first law of thermodynamicsb. inefficient geochemical cyclesc. the second law of thermodynamicsd. industrializationarrow_forwardThe carbon footprint is the amount of GHG produced from an activity or a product. What would be the carbon footprint of a power plant producing electricity from coal. Calculate the GHG emission of CO2 per kWh of electricity produced. Assume the energy efficiency of the power plant as 38% and the heating value of coal as 4500 Kcal/Kg. Assume coal is 50% carbon. The answer you will get is also known as the emission factor for a coal power plant.arrow_forward
- The gross primary productivity is 100 g/m2/year and the respiration rate is 57 g/m2/year . If the standing crop (of plants) in the above question is 145 g/m2 what will the standing crop (of plants) be a year later, assuming no death/predation? Group of answer choices can't tell from the information given a. 188 g/m2 b. 145 g/m2 c. 245 g/m2 d. 182 g/m2arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about energy flow in ecosystems on Earth? 99% of energy that reaches the earth is used to drive the process of photosynthesis Only about 10% of energy is moved from one trophic level to the next, while the remaining is lost as heat A very small amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth is scattered or reflected The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be destroyed, but it can be created in plantsarrow_forwardWhich trophic level is vital to the continuation of the carbon cycle? Group of answer choices a. tertiary consumer b. secondary consumer c. producer d. primary consumerarrow_forward
- An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass. i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.arrow_forwardQuestiion: A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 3,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 450 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 45 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 2.25 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman’s Law for ecological efficiency? A- No, the average efficiency is 20% B- Yes, the average efficiency is 20% C- Yes, the average efficiency is 10% D- No, the average efficiency is 10%arrow_forwardsupport or refute the following statements based on what you learned about energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, trophic levels, and keystone species. You may add a diagram or illustration to support your answer. Planting mangroves is better than putting dolomite sand on the coast of the polluted Manila Bay.arrow_forward
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