BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 37, Problem 3TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: An organism’s response to an external or an internal stimulus is known as its behavior. Plant movement is one of the examples of plant behaviour. The plants respond to stimulus such as light, gravity, and sometimes touch. Plant hormones are employed to provide response to a stimulus. Some of the examples of plant hormones are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids.
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Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
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a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor .
b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway.
c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
Signal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except :
a.
they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal.
b.
they can amplify and diversify a signal.
c.
they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown.
d.
they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membrane
1. A mutation was introduced to the active site of the enzyme in a receptor tyrosine kinase so that it remains active in the absence of a substrate. What is the effect of this mutation on the signal transductionpathway?A. The phosphatase activity of the enzyme will be activated which will lead to receptor dimerization and subsequent cellular response.B. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor and dimerization will occur but the subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.C. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor but dimerization and subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.D. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor which will then triggers receptor dimerization and downstream cellular response.
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of non-coding regions of DNA?A. Some of these regions contain inactivated genes that can be reactivated upon insertion of regulatory sequences by mobile DNA elements.B. Some of these regions protect eukaryotic DNA from…
Chapter 37 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1EQCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2EQCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - What would happen if you gave flowering plants a...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 37 - Prob. 1TYCh. 37 - Prob. 2TYCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYCh. 37 - Thigmotropism is a plant response to a. light. b....Ch. 37 - Which response is an adaptation to flooding? a....Ch. 37 - Prob. 9TYCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYCh. 37 - Prob. 1CQCh. 37 - Why do plants produce so many types of resistance...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CQCh. 37 - Prob. 1COQCh. 37 - Prob. 2COQ
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- The receptor-associated proteins called G proteins... A. bind GTP. B. can activate or inhibit an effector protein, e.g. adenyl cyclase. C. interact with membrane-associated proteins to influence their function. D. both a and b E. a, b, and carrow_forwardParacrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forward40. Notch receptors operate through juxtacrine signaling which requires A. close physical association between the signal-emitting and signal-receiving cells B. cells far away from each other communicating through chemical messengers C. a cell to release a ligand that binds to a receptor on its own surface D. None of the abovearrow_forward
- In signal transduction in the dark, the cGMP plays what role? a. It promotes an action potential in the bipolar cell b.It promotes a more hyperpolarized resting potential c. It activates transducin d. It opens non-selective cation channels e. It deactivates cGMP phosphodiesterasearrow_forwardIntracellular receptors bind to signaling molecules that are A. anionic. B. cationic. C. nonpolar. D. polypeptides.arrow_forwardIn nerve cells, sodium-potassium pumps exchange two K^++start superscript, plus, end superscript for three Na^++start superscript, plus, end superscript across the cell membrane. What is the primary purpose of this exchange? a.To increase the concentration of K+ outside the cell b.To increase the concentration of K+ outside the cell c.To propagate an action potential d.To increase the concentration of Na+ inside the cellarrow_forward
- A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.arrow_forwardExplain the three stages of cell signaling. a. receptor b. transduction c. response. Attach imagesarrow_forwardMatch the following description of a cell signal with signal type A. signals across gap junctions B. signal involves a neurotransmitter, short lived C. signal can travel long distances and to many cell types D. communication between neighboring cells, signals short lived E. None of the Above A 1. Paracrine select 2. Direct contact select v 3. Endocrine select - 4. synaptic select 5. Cyclic AMParrow_forward
- Explain whether the specificity of interaction will be high or low for each given situation. a. The concentration of the ligand's complex to the target receptor equates to the concentration of the ligand's complex to off-targets. b. The target receptor's total concentration is very much higher than the off-target's total concentration.arrow_forwardWhat features are remarkable about steroid receptors? (Select all that apply) A. Steroid receptors are localized in the cytoplasm B. steroid receptors are localized in the plasma membrane C. steroid receptors can translocate to the nucleus D. steroid receptors represent the beginning of a signaling Cascade E. steroid receptors can also function as transcription factorsarrow_forwardA researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license