Chapter 38, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The two different physiological conditions that can produce diabetes.

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders that is caused due to high blood sugar level for a long period of time. The word ‘mellitus’ means honey or sweetness. As seen in diabetic patients, the blood glucose increase and it gets secreted in the urine along with water. Frequent urination, increased thirst and hunger are its symptoms. If it is left untreated, it may cause many other complications in the body.

Explanation of Solution

There are two types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2. The difference between them is as follows:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called as juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also called as adult onset diabetes or non insulin dependent diabetes.
In type 1, the production of insulin gets decreases from beta pancreatic cells.	In type 2, insulin is produced, but it does not show any effect to target cell.
This condition occurs due to the autoimmune disease in which the immune cells attack to insulin releasing cells.	This condition occurs when the target cells do not show any response against the circulating insulin.
This condition occurs when the pancreas is unable to release enough insulin. It occurs due to the viral infection in which the cytotoxic T cells cause the destruction of B cells.	This condition occurs when the way of blood sugar processing by the body is affected. It occurs due to the release of some substances by the adipose tissue that impairs the functioning of insulin receptor.

Conclusion

Diabetes mellitus is of two types: type 1 is insulin dependent in which the production of insulin gets decreases and type 2 is insulin dependent in which the target cell do not show any response towards the circulating insulin.