Concept explainers
Smoking and Lung Function Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used to assess the effects of smoking on lung function. In 1985--86, the study enrolled about 5,000 people aged 18 to 30 years old in a long term study. Over the next 20 years, study subjects were periodically asked about their habits and their health, including their lung function, was assessed. FIGURE 38.19 is a model based on data from this study, of how lifetime tobacco and marijuana use affects forced expiration.
FIGURE 38.19 Associations between marijuana or tobacco smoking and the change in forced expiration volume (FEV). One joint-year means an average of one joint smoked daily for one year. One pack-year is an average of one pack smoked per day for one year. Dots at the top of the graph show the distribution of observations. Lines below show the modeled association. Blue is marijuana and black is tobacco. The change in FEV1 is given as milliliters of air.
Based on this model, how would smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years (40 pack-years or exposure) affect FEV1? What level of marijuana smoking would produce an equivalent effect?
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: Unity and Div. of Life (Instructor's)
- Paper Assignment A study was conducted on patients with liver disease and some of their observations were included in the attached excel sheet. Use the dataset provided to answer the following questions: Q. 1. Write a statistical summary for participants' demographic and health details that include important variables such as Albumin Level, Age, Gender, Systolic BP, and Smoking Status. Point- 5 Q. 2. Compute most appropriate measure of central tendency and dispersion to report the variable Albumin level. Point- 2 Q. 3. (a) What is the appropriate statistical test to identify the significant difference between Gender groups and patients' Albumin level? (b) Write down the assumptions of the proposed statistical test. (c) Formulate null hypothesis & alternative hypothesis for such an association. Point-3arrow_forwardHow does Volpp et al. (2009)'s study differ from existing work prior to that study's publication? Their study is the first study that analyze the effectiveness of financial incentives on smoking cessation Their study is the first study that conducts a randomized control trial to promote smoking cessation They showed that with a large sample size and strong financial incentives, it is possible to improve long-term rates of smoking cessationarrow_forwardJim Bob Pharmaceuticals is testing a new anti-coughing drug, "Maplex". In 400 volunteers who took Maplex, 250 said they coughed less. Does this prove that Maplex is an effective anti-coughing drug? A. Not yet. We need to see whether the same percent of volunteers who took a placebo also report coughing B. There is no way to either prove or disprove that Maplex reduces coughing C. Yesarrow_forward
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- Case Studies In Health Information ManagementBiologyISBN:9781337676908Author:SCHNERINGPublisher:Cengage