Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 39, Problem 5TYU
Curare, a substance that blocks the acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle, will cause
- A. rapid muscle twitches.
- B. sustained muscle contraction (tetanus).
- C. muscle relaxation.
- D. no effect in the absence of acetylcholinesterase.
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A bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.
The neurotransmitter that initiates events leading to skeletal muscle contraction is A. creatine kinase. B. creatinine. C. norepinephrine. D. acetylcholine
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A) Many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
B) Motor units with the longest muscle fibers
C) Motor units with larger, less excitable neurons
D) Large motor units with small, highly excitable endurance
Chapter 39 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 39.1 - Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a...Ch. 39.1 - WHAT IF? Why are the muscles of an animal that has...Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the lunar-linked rhythm of...Ch. 39.4 - How might associative learning explain why...Ch. 39.4 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 39.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How might a learned behavior...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain...Ch. 39.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39 - During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 39 - According to Hamiltons rule, A. natural selection...Ch. 39 - The binding of calcium to the troponin complex A....Ch. 39 - Curare, a substance that blocks the acetylcholine...Ch. 39 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 39 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 39 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Propose a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 39 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Learning is defined as a...Ch. 39 - Prob. 12TYU
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- Why is it important to remove acetylcholine from its binding to acetylcholine receptors once the neural stimulus ends? What can be the possible consequence of the non-removal of acetylcholine to the skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forwardAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that provides for communication between muscles and nerves. When there is a problem with the interaction between acetylcholine and the acetylcholine receptor sites on the muscles, which condition(s) can occur? A. Myasthenia gravis B. Botulism C. Multiple sclerosis D. A and Barrow_forwardThe fast fatigable motor units are used predominantly for which of the following activities? a. The action potentials fired by alpha motor neurons become slower. b. Slow twitch muscle fibers show increased myosin ATPase. c. Fast fatigable motor units are recruited before slow twitch motor units. d. None of the answers. e.All of the answers.arrow_forward
- The acetylcholine receptor is a ligand-gated channel that produces Multiple Choice a) repolarization by activating second messenger systems within the muscle fiber. b) hyperpolarization by allowing Na+ ions to exit the muscle fiber. c) depolarization by allowing Cl- ions to enter the muscle fiber. d) depolarization by allowing K+ ions to leave the muscle fiber. e) depolarization by allowing Na+ ions to enter the muscle fiber.arrow_forwardWhen a higher voltage is applied to the skeletal muscle, the force of contraction _____ and recruitment of more motor units occurs called ________ summation. A. increases, spatial B. increases, temporal C. decreases, temporal D. decreases, spatialarrow_forwardTo demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? A. Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing. B. Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically. C. The load was reduced. D. The resistance to contraction was reduced. E. The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.arrow_forward
- The prospect of inhibiting myostatin and growing larger muscles may be tempting to a great many people. Is there any danger to increasing muscle mass? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhen curare, a neuromuscular poison, is dropped onto an isolated muscle-nerve preparation in a laboratory, the muscle does not contract when the nerve is stimulated, even though neurotransmitter is released from the nerve cell. Why does this happen? How might this action of curare be lethal to an individual who has been poisoned?arrow_forwardWhen you lift a heavy box, your muscles need to generate a stronger than average contraction. What will happen to the timing and frequency of nerve stimulation of your muscles, and why?arrow_forward
- All motor neurons release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter except a. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons b. Somatic motor neurons c. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons d. Specific cardiac and smooth muscle fibersarrow_forwardWhat event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na+ back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosinarrow_forwardIn order for the muscles to contract ______ must bind to receptors in the muscles. a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c)Glutamate d)Acetylcholinearrow_forward
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