Concept explainers
At least two commercial companies, No Lie MRI and Cephos, are trying to develop fMRI into a lie detector. Conventional lie detectors (polygraphs) measure breathing, blood pressure, pulse, and sweating. On the principle that lying is stressful, the expectation is that a liar will show faster breathing and pulse, higher Mood pressure, and more sweat. The U.S. National Research Council found that polygraph tests are about 80% to 90% accurate: much better than chance, but far from perfect. In addition, many people can teach themselves to remain calm while lying and fool lie detectors. The idea of using fMRI for lie detection is intriguing because brain activity is very likely to differ if someone is telling the truth or telling a lie. Assuming that fMRI can be applied to lie detection, what level of accuracy do you think should be required before fMRI is allowed as evidence in the courtroom? What about people who might be especially skilled at lying or who seem to be unable to distinguish (or care about) truth and lies?
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