Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135212905
Author: Dee Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 4, Problem 15RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way in which ATP is synthesized by the movement of H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Introduction: One of the components of aerobic respiration is the electron transport system. This pathway of glucose
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Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.
A new weight loss drug, Super Fat Melter, is introduced on the market but then quickly recalled after a few patients die. As it turns out, the pill makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? Explain, with reference to the type of phosphorylation affected.
Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active mitochondrial ATP synthesis?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 4.1 - Which biomolecules always include nitrogen in...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.1 - What is the difference between potential energy...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 4.4 - Name five ways in which cells regulate the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 13CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 14CCCh. 4.4 - Match each component on the left to the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 16CCCh. 4.4 - How is the separation of mitochondria into two...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 4.4 - What does the name RNA polymerase tell you about...Ch. 4.4 - Explain in one or two sentences the relationship...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 23CCCh. 4.4 - List three general types of posttranslational...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 4 - List the three basic forms of work and give a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Match each definition in the left column with the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Organic molecules that must be present in order...Ch. 4 - In an oxidation-reduction reaction, in which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Metabolic regulation in which the last product of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - Create maps using the following terms.Ch. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - Prob. 19RQCh. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - Prob. 21RQCh. 4 - Briefly describe the processes of transcription...Ch. 4 - On what molecule does the anticodon appear?...Ch. 4 - Is the energy of ATPs phosphate bond an example of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RQCh. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - Prob. 27RQCh. 4 - Prob. 28RQ
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- Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?arrow_forwardDefine chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.arrow_forwardIn the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Chemical agents that cause this effect are called uncouplers. Explain how this could cause weight loss and also death. Considering the danger, is there any use for compounds like DNP or other uncouplers?arrow_forward
- In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.arrow_forwardThe glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.arrow_forwardIn the Electron Transport Chain:(a). Upon the transfers, what is the final recipient of these electrons?(b). What is the compound obtained upon the completion of electron transportation?(c). What causes the changes in pH between the inner mitochondrial membrane during the electron transfer?arrow_forward
- There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?arrow_forwardWhat would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix? Explainarrow_forwardWhat happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane if electron flow through the ETC stops?arrow_forward
- When hydrogen ions flow across the membrane through the molecular turbine (ATP synthase), is this movement of H+ ions an active or passive process?arrow_forwardIs mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?arrow_forwardExplain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why this kills cells.arrow_forward
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