Chapter 4, Problem 1BP

Requirement 2:

To determine

Prepare journal entries to record the transactions for July 31, 2015.

Explanation of Solution

Journal entry: Journal entry is a set of economic events which can be measured in monetary terms. These are recorded chronologically and systematically.

Prepare journal entries to record the transactions for July 31, 2015:

Table (1)

Requirement 3:

To determine

Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2015.

Explanation of Solution

Unadjusted trial balance:

The unadjusted trial balance is the summary of all the ledger accounts that appear on the ledger accounts before making adjusting journal entries.

Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2015:

Table (2)

Requirement 4:

To determine

Journalize the adjusting entries.

Explanation of Solution

Adjusting entries: Adjusting entries are those entries which are recorded at the end of the year, to update the income statement accounts (revenue and expenses) and balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity) to maintain the records according to accrual basis principle.

Journalize the adjusting entries:

Table (3)

Working note:

Calculate the amount of office supplies used:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Office supplies used}=\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Purchased amount of office supplies}-\\ \text{Office supplies on hand}\end{array}\right)\\ =\$2,400-\$1,525\\ =\$875\end{array}$

Requirement 5:

To determine

Prepare the following:

• Adjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2015.
• Income statement for the month ended July 31, 2015.
• Statement of owner’s equity for the month ended July 31, 2015.
• Balance sheet at July 31, 2015.

Explanation of Solution

Adjusted Trial Balance: Adjusted trial balance is the statement which contains complete list of accounts with their adjusted balances after all the relevant adjustments has been made. This statement is prepared at the end of every financial period.

Prepare the adjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2015:

Table (4)

Income statement: The financial statement which reports revenues and expenses from business operations and the result of those operations as net income or net loss for a particular time period is referred to as income statement.

Prepare an income statement for the month ended July 31, 2015:

Table (5)

Statement of owners’ equity: This statement reports the beginning owner’s equity and all the changes, which led to ending owners’ equity. Additional capital, net income from income statement is added to and a drawing is deducted from beginning owner’s equity to arrive at the result, ending owner’s equity.

Prepare the statement of owners’ equity for the month ended July 31, 2015:

Table (6)

Balance sheet: This financial statement reports about the company’s resources (assets) and claims of creditors (liabilities) and stockholders (stockholders’ equity) over those resources. The resources of the company are assets which include money contributed by stockholders and creditors. Hence, the main elements of the balance sheet are assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity.

Prepare the balance sheet at July 31, 2015:

Table (7)

Requirement 5:

To determine

Prepare journal entries to close the temporary accounts.

Explanation of Solution

Closing entries: The journal entries prepared to close the temporary accounts to permanent account are referred to as closing entries. The revenue, expense, and dividends accounts are referred to as temporary accounts because the information and figures in these accounts is held temporarily and consequently transferred to permanent account at the end of accounting year.

Prepare the closing entries:

Date	Accounts and Explanation	Account Number	Debit  ($)	Credit ($)
July 31	Storage fees earned (SE–)	401	10,950
	Income summary (SE+)	901		10,950
	(To close the revenue account)
July 31	Income summary (SE–)	901	8,225
	Depreciation expense -           Buildings (SE+)	606		1,500
	Salaries expense (SE+)	622		2,100
	Insurance expense (SE+)	637		400
	Rent expense (SE+)	640		2,000
	Office supplies expense (SE+)	650		875
	Repairs expense (SE+)	684		950
	Telephone expense (SE+)	688		400
	(To close the expense accounts)
July 31	Income Summary (SE–)	901	2,725
	L.P’s Capital (SE+)	301		2,725
	(To close the income summary accounts)
July 31	L.P’s Capital (SE–)	301	2,000
	L.P’s Withdrawals (SE+)	302		2,000
	(To close withdrawals account.)

Table (8)

Working Note:

Calculate the amount of L.P’s capital (transferred):

$\begin{array}{c}\text{L}\text{.P’s Capital =}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total Revenues}\text{-}\\ \text{Total Expenses}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=}\left(\text{\$10,950}-\text{\$8,225}\right)\\ \text{=\$2,725}\end{array}$

Requirement 1,2,4, and 6:

To determine

Post the journal entries, adjusting entries and closing entries to the ledger account:

Explanation of Solution

Ledger:

Ledger is the book, where the debit and credit entries recorded in the journal book are transferred to their relevant accounts. The entire accounts of the company are collectively called the ledger.

Posting the journal entries, adjusting entries and closing entries to the ledger account:

Table (9)

Requirement 7:

To determine

Prepare a post-closing trial balance.

Explanation of Solution

Post-closing trial balance:

The post-closing trial balance is a summary of all ledger accounts, and it shows the debit and the credit balances after the closing entries are journalized and posted.  The post-closing trial balance contains only permanent (balance sheet) accounts, and the debit and the credit balances of permanent accounts should agree.

Prepare a post-closing trial balance:

S Storage Company
Post-Closing Trial Balance
July 31, 2015
Particulars	Debit($)	Credit ($)
Cash	22,850
Accounts receivable	1,150
Office supplies	1,525
Prepaid insurance	6,800
Buildings	150,000
Accumulated depreciation – Buildings		1,500
Salaries payable		100
L.P’s Capital		180,725
Totals	$182,325	$182,325

Table (10)