Introduction To Computing Systems
Introduction To Computing Systems
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260150537
Author: PATT, Yale N., Patel, Sanjay J.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 4, Problem 1E
Program Plan Intro

Von Neumann model

  • A Von Neumann model or architecture is any stored program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time as they share a common bus.
  • It is a stored program digital computer that keeps both program instructions and data in read-write and in Random Access Memory (RAM).
  • It is a stored program system that has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory and another set of address and data buses for fetching instructions.

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Components of Von Neumann model

The five main components of Von Neumann model include:

Memory

  • The computer memory is used for storing program instructions and data.
  • The two main commonly used types of memories are Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).
  • RAM stores data and the general purpose programs that are executed by the machine.
  • It is temporary and the contents can be changed at any time and the contents can be erased when the power is turned off.
  • ROM on the other hand is permanent and is used for storing initial boot up instructions of the machine.

Processing unit

  • The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is considered as the heart of the computing system.
  • It includes three main components that is the Control Unit (CU), one or more Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) and various registers.
  • A CPU that is implemented on a single chip is known as microprocessor.
  • Hence a processing unit is mainly used for computation and processing of information.

Input

  • Input means providing or giving something to the computer.
  • When a computer or device is receiving a command or signal from other sources, then it is known as input to the device.
  • Input is something that is entered into a machine or other system or it is the act of entering data or other information.

Output

  • It is a piece of computer hardware component that converts information into human readable form.
  • It is any device that is used to send data from one computer to another device or user.
  • Hence it is defined as the act of producing something.

Control Unit

  • The control unit determines the order in which instructions should be executed and controls the retrieval of the operands.
  • It is the unit where instructions of the machine are interpreted.
  • The execution of each instruction is determined by a sequence of control signals that are produced by a control unit.
  • It makes sure that all other parts perform tasks correctly and at the correct time.

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