Chapter 4, Problem 4.33P

Thermal energy of a substance is the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of the particles that make it up. Let’s say you had a hot cup of water and a cold cup of water, and then mixed them. Illustrate the behavior of the particles before and after thermal equilibrium is reached.

A steel rod, 12 mm in diameter, passes centrally through a copper tube 2.5 m long and having 36 mm and 48 mm as internal and external diameters respectively. The tube is closed at each end by 24 mm thick steel plates which are secured by nuts. The nuts are tightened until the copper tube is reduced in length by 0.50. The whole assembly is then raised in temperature by 60 degrees Celsius. Calculate the stresses in copper and steel before and after the rise of temperature if the thickness of the plates remains unchanged. Steel: Coefficient of expansion = 1.2x10^-5/degrees Celsius, Es = 200 GPa Copper: Coefficient of expansion = 1.75x10^-5/degrees Celsius, Ec = 100 GPa

A steel rod, 12 mm in diameter, passes centrally through a copper tube 2.5 m long and having 36 mm and 48 mm as internal and external diameters respectively. The tube is closed at each end by 24 mm thick steel plates which are secured by nuts. The nuts are tightened until the copper tube is reduced in length by 0.50. The whole assembly is then raised in temperature by 60 degrees Celsius. Calculate the stresses in copper and steel before and after the rise of temperature if the thickness of the plates remains unchanged. Steel: Coefficient of expansion = 1.2x10^-5/degrees Celsius, Es = 200 GPa Copper: Coefficient of expansion = 1.75x10^-5/degrees Celsius, Ec = 100 GPa Also indicate if the answer is tensile, tension or compression.

A block of rubber of size 1” x 3” x 1.5” thick is confined between parallel walls of a steel block spaced precisely one inch apart (as shown in the sketch below, where R is the rubber block and S is the steel block).  A force of 6500 pounds is applied to the top surface of the rubber block, with surface dimensions of one inch by three inches.  If Poisson’s ratio for the rubber ν = 0.45 and modulus of elasticity for the rubber E = 10,000 pounds per square inch, determine the stress acting on the sides of the rubber that are in contact with the parallel walls of the steel block

The walls of the flat furnace are connected by two insulating layers A and B. The temperature of the insulating layer A facing the inside of the Furnace is 800°C and the temperature of the outside air is 60°C. Find the temperature of the interface between the two insulation layers when the thickness of insulation layer A is 150 mm, its thermal conductivity is 0.05 W/m℃, the thickness of insulation layer B is 240 mm, and its thermal conductivity is 0.15 W/m℃

A short bar of copper, 25 mm in diameter, is enclosed centrally within a steel tube of external diameter 36 mm and thickness 3 mm. At 0°C the ends of the bar and tube are rigidly fastened together and the complete assembly heated to 80°C. Calculate the stress in the bar and in the tube if E for copper is 100 000 N/mm?, E for steel is 200 000 N/mm? and the coefficients of linear expansion of copper and steel are 0.000 01/°C and 0.000 006/°C, respectively.

a metal bar is made up of 3.0 cm of aluminum and 5.0 cm of steel. the free end of the aluminum bar is placed in contact with steam at 100 degree Celsius. at the other side, the free end of the steel bar maintained at 0 degree Celsius by placing it in contact with the ice. find the temperature at the point that connect the aluminum and the steal (junction)

The ends of the bars shown in the figure are 5 mm apart at 25 ° C. The left hand bar is brass and is 1.00 m long, and the right hand bar is steel and is 1.00 m long as well, assuming the outer ends of both bars are firmly supported against rigid supports.   a) Determine at what temperature the ends of the facing bars just touch. b) If only 5 µm were separated, what would now be the necessary temperature to join them?

Air surrounding a light bulb is moving at 25 m/sec. The surrounding conditions are kept at atmospheric pressure and at temperature 25o C. The light bulb external surface is kept at 140o C. What is the heat transfer rate from the light bulb to the surrounding? Assume the light bulb as a sphere with a diameter of 50 mm.