Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781506698021
Author: J. Gordon Betts;Dean H. Kruse;Kelly A. Young;Peter DeSaix;Brandon Poe;Oksana Korol;James A. Wise;Eddie Johnson;Jody E. Johnson;Mark Womble
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 43CTQ
Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the formation of blood clots and is taken regularly by individuals with a heart condition. Steroids such as cortisol are used to control some autoimmune diseases and severe arthritis by down regulating the inflammatory response. After reading the role of inflammation in the body’s response to infection, can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking anti inflammatory drugs on a regular basis?
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Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) that inhibits the formation of blood clots andis taken regularly by individuals with a heart condition.Steroids such as cortisol are used to control someautoimmune diseases and severe arthritis by downregulatingthe inflammatory response. After reading therole of inflammation in the body’s response to infection,can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking antiinflammatorydrugs on a regular basis?
Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the:
Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability
Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes
Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules
TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells
Bradykinin produced that causes pain
Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is CORRECT?
-
The increase in temperature improves pathogen function
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Increased vascular permeability helps immune cells access the site of infection quicker
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Clotting increases immune cell access the site of infection
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Vasodilation is not a characteristic of inflammation in any way
Chapter 4 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
Ch. 4 - View this slideshow...Ch. 4 - Watch this video...Ch. 4 - Visit this link...Ch. 4 - Watch this video...Ch. 4 - Follow this link...Ch. 4 - Watch this video...Ch. 4 - Watch this video...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a type of tissue?...Ch. 4 - The process by which a less specialized cell...Ch. 4 - Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive...
Ch. 4 - Which of the following lines the body cavities...Ch. 4 - In observing epithelial cells under a microscope,...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is the epithelial tissue...Ch. 4 - Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in...Ch. 4 - The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion...Ch. 4 - Connective tissue is made of which three essential...Ch. 4 - Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows...Ch. 4 - Which connective tissue specializes in storage of...Ch. 4 - Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a...Ch. 4 - In adults, new connective tissue cells originate...Ch. 4 - In bone, the main cells are ________. fibroblasts...Ch. 4 - Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei...Ch. 4 - The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from...Ch. 4 - Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working...Ch. 4 - The cells responsible for the transmission of the...Ch. 4 - The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away...Ch. 4 - Which of the following central nervous system...Ch. 4 - Which of the following processes is not a cardinal...Ch. 4 - When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of...Ch. 4 - Atrophy refers to ________. loss of elasticity...Ch. 4 - Individuals can slow the rate of aging by...Ch. 4 - Identify the four types of tissue in the body, and...Ch. 4 - The zygote is described as totipotent because it...Ch. 4 - What is the function of synovial membranes?Ch. 4 - The structure of a tissue usually is optimized for...Ch. 4 - One of the main functions of connective tissue is...Ch. 4 - Why does an injury to cartilage, especially...Ch. 4 - You are watching cells in a dish spontaneously...Ch. 4 - Why does skeletal muscle look striated?Ch. 4 - Which morphological adaptations of neurons make...Ch. 4 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 4 - Why is it important to watch for increased...Ch. 4 - Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug...Ch. 4 - As an individual ages, a constellation of symptoms...Ch. 4 - Discuss changes that occur in cells as a person...
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Similar questions
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does NOT describe the process of inflammation. a. Inflammation increases capillary permeability. b. Chemotaxis draws leucocytes to the site of injury. c. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury. d. Release of prostaglandins results in pain.arrow_forwardMake an illustration that connects the events in inflammation mediated by chemical substances. Use the following words to come up with the output connected by arrows. 1. Modified proteins 16. C142356789 2. Kininogen 3. Prostaglandins 4. Clotting system 5. Antigen 17. Kallikrein 18. Platelets 19. Serotonin 20. Kinins 21. C1423 22. Anaphylotoxins 6. Lysosomal enzymes 7. Antibody 8. C1 9. Kallikreinogen 23. Chemotactic factor 24. Serum factors 10. C142 25. C14235 11. Antigen/Antibody 12. Cells migration 26. C1423567 27. Injurious stimuli 13. Histamine 28. Acute inflammation 14. Plasmin system 29. Increased vascular permeability 15. C3 30. Chronic inflammationarrow_forwardWhen surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.arrow_forward
- What happens during the initial stage of acute inflammation? O brief vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction and recruitment of macrophages brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation resulting in edema brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation resulting in excess tissue production recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages that result in edemaarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that apply) Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved. Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debrisarrow_forwardComplications arise when the immune system does not function properly. Some issues are less pervasive, such as pollen allergy, while others are extensive, such as genetic disorders that wipe out the presence or function of an entire set of immune cells. Immune Deficiencies Immune deficiencies may be temporary or permanent. Temporary immune deficiency can be caused by a variety of sources that weaken the immune system. Common infections, including influenza and mononucleosis, can suppress the immune system. When immune cells are the target of infection, severe immune suppression can occur. For example, HIV specifically infects T cells, and their elimination allows for secondary infections by other pathogens. Patients receiving chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants, or immunosuppressive drugs experience weakened immune systems until immune cell levels are restored. Pregnancy also suppresses the maternal immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections by common microbes. Primary…arrow_forward
- During the chemotaxis phase of the inflammatory response,a. C-reactive protein is secreted by damaged parenchymal cells in the tissue, which attracts neutrophils, which secrete leukotrienes and prostaglandins to attract macrophages; a purulent exudate is formed.b. Band cells respond to hyperthermia by producing TNF-α and interleukins, which then cause a left shift that results in the accumulation of neutrophils within the tissue.c. Damaged parenchymal cells release prostaglandins and leukotrienes to attract macrophages, causing a left shift and the formation of a purulent exudate.d. Cytokines, such as TNF-α, are released by damaged parenchymal cells, while leukotrienes and prostaglandins produced by neutrophils cause smooth muscle constriction and the further accumulation of leukocytes.arrow_forward"Selective NSAIDs can reduce inflammation and pain". Briefly explain this statement. Use your own words to explainarrow_forwardThere are several drugs that can interact with each other when given together. What happens when a patient is given phenylbutazone at the same time as warfarin is...A. is bleeding profuselyB. the presence of phenylbutazone . metabolizing enzyme inductionC. Warfarin's anticoagulant activity is decreasedD. an increase in anti-inflammatory effectE. Induction of warfarin metabolizing enzymes Eugenol has activity as an antibacterial. The group responsible for this activity is….A. benzeneB. cyclicC. sulfonamidesD. phenolE. sulfa Which statement is true regarding drugs given intramuscularly?A. The drug goes directly to the network depotB. all answers are correctC. The drug undergoes an absorption phase until it reaches the blood circulationD. the drug passes through the bloodstream in the processE. The drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tractarrow_forward
- All are known factors, which contribute to chronic inflammation with consequence to neurotransmitter imbalance, EXCEPT: psychosocial stress, leaky gut T-cell dysfunction poisoningarrow_forwardWhich of the following doesn't occur in the inflammatory response? O A. Decreased vascular permeability B. Extravasation of leukocytes into inflammed tissue C. Endothelial cell activation D. Tissue injury repair O E. Local blood clottingarrow_forwardTherapeutic agents are currently being investigated that block the action of selectins in order to prevent the pathological effects resulting from leukocyte entry into sites of inflammation. These agents are molecules that inhibit selectin. Describe molecules that might be effective. (Information: Glycoproteins are an important class of proteins. There are many families of glycoproteins: lectins and selectins are examples.)arrow_forward
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