Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The chair form of trans-and cis-decalin for the cyclohexane rings are to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The different spatial arrangements of atoms that results from the rotation about single bonds are called conformational isomers. The chair conformation of cyclohexane consists of six axial and six equatorial bonds.
The six axial bonds present one on each carbon atom, are parallel and alternate to each other and are in up-down position.
The six equatorial bonds present one on each carbon atom, are present in three sets of two parallel ring bonds. They are in alternate position between the sides around the ring.
(b)
Interpretation: An explanation corresponding to the fact that the trans isomer is more stable is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The different spatial arrangements of atoms that results from the rotation about single bonds are called conformational isomers. When two substituents in a conformation are in up or down direction then it is known as cis conformation. But if one substituent is in upward direction and the other is facing down direction, then the conformation is known as trans.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-STUDY GDE./SOL.MAN.
- Compounds B and C are hydrocarbons with the structural formulae as shown below. CH, „CH, в (a) Name compounds B and C according to the IUPAC nomenclature. (b) Both B and C can undergo oxidation reaction with the same oxidizing agent. Write chemical equations involved and explain the differences between these two reactions. (c) Name one reaction that converts B to methylcyclohexane.arrow_forwardWrite the bond line formula of the following compounds: (a) 4-methyl-2-hexene, two geometrical (stereoisomers) isomers (b) 3-fluoro-2-methylheptanol (3-fluoro-2-methylheptan-1-ol) (c) 4-methyl-hex-1-yn-3-olarrow_forwardClassify each of the following reactions as an addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement. (a) CH3B + KOH → CH3OH + KBr (b) CH3CH2Br — Н2С—СH2 + HBr (c) H2C=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH3arrow_forward
- The melting points and boiling points of two isomeric alkanes are as follows: CH3(CH2)6CH3, mp = -57 °C and bp = 126 °C; (CH3)3CC(CH3)3, mp = 102 °C and bp = 106 °C. (a) Explain why one isomer has a lower melting point but higher boiling point. (b) Explain why there is a small difference in the boiling points of the two compounds, but a huge difference in their melting points.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of an alkane with molecular formula C7H16 that contains (a) one 4° carbon; (b) only 1° and 2° carbons; (c) 1°, 2°, and 3° hydrogens.arrow_forward1. (a) Draw the structures of the eight isomeric pentyl alcohols, C3H11OH. (b) Name each by the IUPAC system and by the carbinol system. (c) Label each as primary, secondary, or tertiary, (d) Which one is isopentyl alcohol? tert-Pentyl alcohol? (e) Give the structure of a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary alcohol of the formula C,H13OH.arrow_forward
- (a) Describe the molecular geometry expected for 1,2,3-butatriene (H2C=C=C=CH2). (b) Two stereoisomers are expected for 2,3,4-hexatriene (CH3CH=C=C=CHCH3). What should be the relationship between these two stereoisomers?arrow_forwardTrue or false: (a) The C¬C bonds in benzene are all the samelength and correspond to typical single C¬C bond lengths.(b) The C¬C bond in acetylene, HCCH, is longer than theaverage C¬C bond length in benzene.arrow_forwardDraw an expanded structural formula of pent-1-en-3-yne/ CH3-CC-CH=CH2 and then label each carbon. Indicate the longest and shortest C-H bond and predict the C—C single bond that has the highest BDE(bond dissociation energy).arrow_forward
- Palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid with various pharmaceutical applications, is mainly obtained from macadamia nuts. The condensed structural formula for a triacylglycerol containing three palmitoleic acid units is provided below. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding this triacylglycerol? O || CH,−O−C–(CH,)–CH=CH—(CH2)5–CH3 O || CH−O−C−(CH2)–CH=CH–(CH,)5–CH3 O CH,−O−C−(CH,)–CH=CH–(CH,)5–CH, O Its name is glyceryl tripalmitate or tripalmitin. O It is most likely to be liquid at room temperature. O It is an oil (not a fat). O It contains 3 molecules of the same unsaturated fatty acid.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following reactions as an addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement: (a) CH3Br + KOH → CH3OH + KBr(b) CH3CH2Br → H2C=CH2 + HBr(c) H2C=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH3arrow_forwardCyclopropane (C3H6, a three-membered ring) is more reactive than most other cycloalkanes.(a) Draw a Lewis structure for cyclopropane.(b) Compare the bond angles of the carbon atoms in cyclopropane with those in an acyclic (noncyclic) alkane.(c) Suggest why cyclopropane is so reactive.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning