EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220100552236
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 4, Problem 7ALQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The comparison and the contrasting factors between molecular orbital model and the local electron model and the use of each theory are to be stated and explained.
Concept introduction: When the atomic orbitals overlap with each other in the region where density of electrons is high, then molecular orbitals are formed. Overlap of the atomic orbitals determines the efficiency of the interaction between the atomic orbitals.
Energy of bonding molecular orbitals is less than the nonbonding molecular orbitals.
To determine: The comparison and the contrasting factors between molecular orbital model and the local electron model and the use of each theory.
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Using the MO model to predict bond order and paramagnetism
Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecule
In particular:
• Decide whether each molecule is stable or not.
• Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic.
• Calculate each molecule's bond order.
diamagnetic or
paramagnetic?
molecule
stable?
bond order
Oyes
diamagnetic
no
paramagnetic
yes
O diamagnetic
Be,
O paramagnetic
no
yes
O diamagnetic
F2
O paramagnetic
no
Explanation
Check
Type here to search
Study the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2p atomic orbital from
atom.
The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei.
Now use the sketch to complete the table below.
Write the symbol for this MO.
Is this a bonding or antibonding MO?
What is the energy of this MO, compared to the
energy of a 2p orbital on one of the separate
0
Obonding
antibonding
O higher
Olower
the same
not enough information
to decide
D
8
70
%
9
3
2
4
5
Consider the following second-period heteronuclear diatomic molecule.
Combining the valence orbitals (2px, 2py, 2pz, and 2s) of each of the two atoms
creates eight new orbitals (one 02s*, one 02s, one 02p, one 02p, two л₂p, and
two л₂p) that span the entire molecule and explain it's electronic properties.
Those eight new orbitals exist at six energy levels.
Rank the molecular orbitals of a F2 molecule from lowest (1) to highest (6)
energy.
Fatom
6- highest
1- lowest
F2 molecule
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
F atom
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
Ch. 4 - Explain the main postulate of the VSEPR model....Ch. 4 - Explain why CF4 and Xef4 are nonpolar compounds...Ch. 4 - Consider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - What hybridization is required for central atoms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - What are molecular orbitals? How do they compare...Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between the and MOs for...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3ALQ
Ch. 4 - Which of the following would you expect to be more...Ch. 4 - Arrange the following molecules from most to least...Ch. 4 - Which is the more correct statement: The methane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 4 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 4 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 4 - Give one example of a compound having a linear...Ch. 4 - In the hybrid orbital model, compare and contrast ...Ch. 4 - Prob. 13QCh. 4 - Prob. 14QCh. 4 - Prob. 15QCh. 4 - Prob. 16QCh. 4 - Compare and contrast bonding molecular orbitals...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18QCh. 4 - Why does the molecular orbital model do a better...Ch. 4 - The three NO bonds in NO3 are all equivalent in...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure and bond angles...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Two variations of the octahedral geometry (see...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 4 - State whether or not each of the following has a...Ch. 4 - The following electrostatic potential diagrams...Ch. 4 - Which of the molecules in Exercises 21 and 22 have...Ch. 4 - Which of the molecules in Exercises 27 and 28 have...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures and predict the molecular...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures and predict whether each of...Ch. 4 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 4 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 4 - The molecules BF3, CF4, CO2, PF5, and SF6 are all...Ch. 4 - Two different compounds have the formula XeF2Cl2....Ch. 4 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 4 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 4 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 4 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 4 - The space-filling models of ethane and ethanol are...Ch. 4 - The space-filling models of hydrogen cyanide and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - Prob. 46ECh. 4 - Prob. 47ECh. 4 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 4 - For each of the following molecules, write the...Ch. 4 - For each of the following molecules or ions that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - The allene molecule has the following Lewis...Ch. 4 - Indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The...Ch. 4 - Prob. 54ECh. 4 - Prob. 55ECh. 4 - Many important compounds in the chemical industry...Ch. 4 - Two molecules used in the polymer industry are...Ch. 4 - Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that...Ch. 4 - One of the first drugs to be approved for use in...Ch. 4 - The antibiotic thiarubin-A was discovered by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 61ECh. 4 - Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type (...Ch. 4 - Prob. 63ECh. 4 - Which of the following are predicted by the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 65ECh. 4 - Prob. 66ECh. 4 - Prob. 67ECh. 4 - Using the molecular orbital model to describe the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69ECh. 4 - A Lewis structure obeying the octet rule can be...Ch. 4 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 4 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 4 - In which of the following diatomic molecules would...Ch. 4 - In terms of the molecular orbital model, which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 75ECh. 4 - Show how a hydrogen 1s atomic orbital and a...Ch. 4 - Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following...Ch. 4 - The diatomic molecule OH exists in the gas phase....Ch. 4 - Prob. 79ECh. 4 - Describe the bonding in NO+, NO, and NO, using...Ch. 4 - Describe the bonding in the O3 molecule and the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 82ECh. 4 - Prob. 83AECh. 4 - Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency...Ch. 4 - Two structures can be drawn for cyanuric acid: a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 86AECh. 4 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 4 - Aspartame is an artificial sweetener marketed...Ch. 4 - Prob. 89AECh. 4 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 91AECh. 4 - Which of the following molecules have net dipole...Ch. 4 - The strucrure of TeF5 is Draw a complete Lewis...Ch. 4 - Complete the following resonance structures for...Ch. 4 - Prob. 95AECh. 4 - Describe the bonding in the first excited state of...Ch. 4 - Using an MO energy-level diagram, would you expect...Ch. 4 - Show how a dxz. atomic orbital and a pz, atomic...Ch. 4 - What type of molecular orbital would result from...Ch. 4 - Consider three molecules: A, B, and C. Molecule A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 101CWPCh. 4 - Predict the molecular structure, bond angles, and...Ch. 4 - Draw the Lewis structures for SO2, PCl3, NNO, COS,...Ch. 4 - Draw the Lewis structures for TeCl4, ICl5, PCl5,...Ch. 4 - A variety of chlorine oxide fluorides and related...Ch. 4 - Pelargondin is the molecule responsible for the...Ch. 4 - Complete a Lewis structure for the compound shown...Ch. 4 - Prob. 108CWPCh. 4 - Consider the molecular orbital electron...Ch. 4 - Place the species B2+ , B2, and B2 in order of...Ch. 4 - The compound NF3 is quite stable, but NCl3 is very...Ch. 4 - Predict the molecular structure for each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 113CPCh. 4 - Cholesterol (C27liu;O) has the following...Ch. 4 - Cyanamide (H2NCN), an important industrial...Ch. 4 - As compared with CO and O2, CS and S2 are very...Ch. 4 - Prob. 117CPCh. 4 - Use the MO model to explain the bonding in BeH2....Ch. 4 - Prob. 119CPCh. 4 - Arrange the following from lowest to highest...Ch. 4 - Prob. 121CPCh. 4 - Prob. 122CPCh. 4 - Carbon monoxide (CO) forms bonds to a variety of...Ch. 4 - The space-filling model for benzoic acid, a food...Ch. 4 - As the bead engineer of your starship in charge of...Ch. 4 - A flask containing gaseous N2 is irradiated with...Ch. 4 - Determine the molecular structure and...
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- O ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING Daniela Using the MO model to predict bond order and paramagnetism Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecules or molecular ions. In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. • Calculate each molecule's bond order. ol. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order Ar yes diamagnetic Li, no paramagnetic yes diamagnetic no paramagnetic yes diamagnetic Не, no paramagnetic Explanation Check © 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center | Accessibility 11:00 PM O Type here to search a 4) 12/5/2021 (8) 近arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 2s orbital on one of the separate atoms? 0 O bonding O antibonding O higher O lower O the same O not enough information to decide O 00 X B 9 S 0arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 1s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 1s orbital on one of the separate atoms? 0 bonding antibonding higher lower the same not enough information to decide O On X a Ś * ? 00. 18 Ararrow_forward
- Study the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3p atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this Mo. O* O bonding Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? O antibonding O higher O lower What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3p orbital on one of the separate O the same atoms? not enough information to decide 00arrow_forwardwhy do the real bond angles differ from the theoretical model values?arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2p atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 2p orbital on one of the separate atoms? ☐ O bonding O antibonding ○ higher O lower the same not enough information to decide σ Π = olo Ar 8-arrow_forward
- Study the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3p atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3p orbital on one of the separate. atoms? 0 O bonding O antibonding O higher O lower O the same not enough information to decide O 2 00 X 2 뮤 0 Śarrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. JT Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? bonding antibonding higher ? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3s orbital on one of the separate atoms? lower the same not enough information to decide Subm Tems 2019 McGraw Hil Education Al Rights Reserved Continue MacBook Pro DII F8 F9 F7 O OOarrow_forwardI. Draw the molecular orbital diagram for the valence electrons in the generic, diatomic ion X22+. Each neutral atom of X contains 5 valence electrons. Use the "reversed" energy ordering (for B2, C2, N2) where o2p is higher in energy than n2p. The diagram has been started for you below. Label all molecular orbitals. Energy 2p 2p 2s 2s X atom Molecule X atom II. Calculate the bond order of X2*. III. How would the bond length and bond strength of X22+ compare with neutral X2? Briefly explain why (in about 1 sentence).arrow_forward
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