Sustainable Energy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133108689
Author: Richard A. Dunlap
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 8P
To determine
Determine the required volume of calcium oxide.
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It has been suggested that carbon dioxide emissions should be taxed at $30 per metric ton (106 g C). Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere would be worth the same amount. Assume that the atmospheric mixing ratio of CO2 is 400 ppm.
What is the value of the carbon in 1 cubic kilometer (km3) of air at Earth’s surface?
Calculate the value of all the CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere? [Hints: The total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018 kg and it is composed of 80% N2 and 20% O2.
1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.
a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?
b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?
For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.
For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.
For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
A cylindrical tank 3 m long and 2 m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days can the tank supply the engine having a calorific value of 44 899.2 kJ / kg and a consumption of 60 kg / hr?
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- The figure below shows a pump delivering 0.014 m3/s of crude oil (SG = 0.85) from an underground storage drum to the first stage of a processing system. (a) If the total energy loss in the system is , calculate the power added by the pump in kW. (b) If the power input to the pump is 16.5 kW, what is the mechanical efficiency of the pump?arrow_forwardOne gram of methane is burned, and the heat is used to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water. If the initial temperature of the water is 25C, what is the final temperature?arrow_forwardAssume that gasoline is burned with 99% efficiency in a car engine, with 1% remaining unbumed in the exhaust gases as VOCs; If the engine exhausts 16 kg of gases (MW = 30) for each kg of gasoline (MW = 100), calculate the fraction of VOCs in the exhaust. Give your answer in parts per million.arrow_forward
- A dam is shaped like a parabola (y = x^2) and has a height of 150 meters. The water's density is 1000kg/m3. Pt 1. FInd the total energy stored by this dam. Pt 2. If fourty-percent of the total energy from the dam was consumed, what would be the water level's new hight? Pt 3. If a city was using this dam for its energy and consumed 12 x 107 MW of power, how much time would it take for the level of the dam to drop down to the height in part 2?arrow_forwardAn anaerobic digestion system generates 10,000 m3 (353,150 standard ft3) of biogas per day. The produced biogas is to be used in an engine generator for generating electricity for wastewater treatment plant operations. How much electricity can be generated from the biogas? Answer: 21,795 kWh/day.arrow_forwardDesign of a community biogas plant for a village consisting of 114 families, each family consisting of 5 persons (adults). Two children are equivalent to one person. Village survey report gives the following information’s about cattle’s Cows 185 (10 kg/day); Oxes 135 (12 kg/day); Buffalo 75 (15 kg/day) ; pig 10 ( 3 kg/day); Gas produced from 1 kg of gobar in winter and summer 42 litre and 55 litre. Gas required for cooking/person/day = 0.227 m3 ,Gas required for lighting 100 cp lamp per hour = 0.126 m3 Each family is allotted 2 lamps, which would burn 3 hours daily, Density of slurry 1090 kg/m3 and retention time 35days. Design the following parameters (i) gas required for cooking& Lighting (ii) Diameter of digester Diameter d=arrow_forward
- If hydrogen followed an ideal gas law at all pressures, calculate the pressure at which the density of CHG would exceed that of LH2 (71 kg/m3).arrow_forwardA simple way of looking at the energy associated with the combustion of methane [as shown in equation (1.15)] is to view the oxidation of the carbon by equation (1.13) and the oxidation of hydrogen by equation (1.19). Based on the energies involved in these processes, discuss the validity of this approach.arrow_forward
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