University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 90CP
Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the Brayton cycle, shown below. Find the formula for efficiency of the engine using this cycle in terms of
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University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of...Ch. 4 - Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a...Ch. 4 - State an example of a process that occurs in...Ch. 4 - Explain in practical terms why efficiency is...Ch. 4 - If the refrigerator door is left what happens to...
Ch. 4 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible...Ch. 4 - In the text, we showed that if the Clausius...Ch. 4 - Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting...Ch. 4 - Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 4 - The energy output of a heat pump is greater than...Ch. 4 - Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state...Ch. 4 - To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine,...Ch. 4 - How could you design a Carnot engine with 100%...Ch. 4 - What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle?Ch. 4 - Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for...Ch. 4 - Is it possible for a system to have an entropy...Ch. 4 - Are the entropy changes of the system in the...Ch. 4 - Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is...Ch. 4 - A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm...Ch. 4 - A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and...Ch. 4 - After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a...Ch. 4 - An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40....Ch. 4 - In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine...Ch. 4 - An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J...Ch. 4 - It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold reservoir of the...Ch. 4 - An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J...Ch. 4 - If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600...Ch. 4 - A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume...Ch. 4 - A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 ....Ch. 4 - An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 ...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum work required of a...Ch. 4 - Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat...Ch. 4 - In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally...Ch. 4 - What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100...Ch. 4 - A metal is used to conduct heat between two...Ch. 4 - For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to...Ch. 4 - (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is...Ch. 4 - A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor...Ch. 4 - In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the temperature of the water in the...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice...Ch. 4 - The Carnot cycle is represented by the...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs...Ch. 4 - A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air,...Ch. 4 - A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground,...Ch. 4 - An engineer must design a refrigerator that does...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed...Ch. 4 - A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic...Ch. 4 - A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 ...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the...Ch. 4 - A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped...Ch. 4 - Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of...Ch. 4 - A heat engine operates between two temperatures...Ch. 4 - A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is...Ch. 4 - (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added...Ch. 4 - Using the result of the preceding problem, show...Ch. 4 - With the help of the two preceding problems, show...Ch. 4 - A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and...Ch. 4 - A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial...Ch. 4 - The gasoline internal combustion engine operates...Ch. 4 - An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle...Ch. 4 - Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the...Ch. 4 - Derive a formula for the coefficient of...Ch. 4 - Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 ...
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- A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 . Find the efficiency of the Carnot engine.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forwardHow could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency?arrow_forward
- Find the work done in the quasi-static processes shown below. The states are given as (p, V) values for the points in the PV plane: 1 (3 atm, 4 L), 2 (3 atm, 6 L), 3 (5 atm, 4 L), 4 (2 atm, 6 L), 5 (4 atm, 2 L), 6 (5 atm, 5 L) and 7 (2 atm, 5 L).arrow_forwardAn idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle known as the air-standard diesel cycle shown in Figure P18.48. Fuel is sprayed into the cylinder at the point of maximum compression, B. Combustion occurs during the expansion B C, which is modeled as an isobaric process. Show that the efficiency of an engine operating in this idealized diesel cycle is e=11(TDTATCTB) Figure P18.48.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle. Find the change in entropy of the (a) hot bath and (b) cold bath, in each Carnot cycle?arrow_forward
- At point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forwardA cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and 20 . The valve is leaky, and all the gas slowly escapes isothermally into the atmosphere. Use the results of the preceding problem to determine the resulting change in entropy of the universe.arrow_forwardA monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a cyclic process shown below. Find the change in entropy of the gas in each step and the total entropy change over the entire cycle.arrow_forward
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