Macroeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915673
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 9DQ
To determine
The impact of Carbon Tax and Cap-and-Trade strategy on greenhouse gas.
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Distinguish between a carbon-tax and a cap-andtrade strategy for reducing carbon dioxide and other so-called greenhouse gases (that are believed by many scientists to be causing global warming). Which of the two strategies do you think would have the most political support in an election in your home state? Explain your thinking.
Which of the following is NOT a possible way of solving an externality problem of electricity production using coal?
A. A quota of electricity production using coal exactly equal to the production level in the socially optimal allocation.
B. A ban on coal burning, in order to force the use of alternative energy sources.
C. Issue trading rights to burn coal for electricity production, and let a market decide the clearing price for those rights.
D. A per-unit tax on the electricity price equal to marginal external cost of burning coal at the socially efficient allocation.
Carbon dioxide emissions have been linked to worsening climate conditions. The following table lists some possible public policies aimed at reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
For each policy listed, identify whether it is a command-and-control policy (regulation), tradable permit system, corrective subsidy, or corrective tax.
Public Policy
Command-and-Control Policy
Tradable Permit System
Corrective Subsidy
Corrective Tax
The government limits total carbon-dioxide emissions by all factories to 130,000 tons per decade. Each individual factory is given the right to emit 170 tons of carbon dioxide, and factories may buy and sell these rights in a marketplace.
Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air and convert it to oxygen, so the government funds a tree-planting initiative by offering $480 to any citizen who plants a tree.
The government orders every factory to adopt a new technology, which reduces…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Macroeconomics
Ch. 4.A - Prob. 1ADQCh. 4.A - Prob. 2ADQCh. 4.A - Prob. 3ADQCh. 4.A - Prob. 1ARQCh. 4.A - Prob. 2ARQCh. 4.A - Prob. 3ARQCh. 4.A - Prob. 1APCh. 4 - Prob. 1DQCh. 4 - Prob. 2DQCh. 4 - Prob. 3DQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4DQCh. 4 - Prob. 5DQCh. 4 - Prob. 6DQCh. 4 - Prob. 7DQCh. 4 - Prob. 8DQCh. 4 - Prob. 9DQCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Use marginal cost/marginal benefit analysis to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PCh. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - Prob. 3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4PCh. 4 - Prob. 5PCh. 4 - Prob. 6PCh. 4 - Prob. 7P
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- (Optimal Provision of Public Goods) Using at least two individual consumers, show how the market demand curve is derived from individual demand curves (a) for a private good and (b) for a public good. Once you have derived the market demand curve in each case, introduce a market supply curve and then show the optimal level of production.arrow_forwardKindly assist with the above two questions. 1) Besides raising revenue, what is the most likely goal of government that enacts a per unit tax. a) to increase market competition. b) to correct for a positive externality c) to correct for a negative externality d) to encourage production of private goods. e) to increase profit and encourage production. 2) Country A can produce a gadget at a lower cost than any other producer of gadgets. As a result , Country A must have. a) a superior gadget making technology b) an absolute advantage gadget production . c) a comparative advantage in gadget production. d) a constant opportunity cost associated with gadget production e) more factors of production devoted to gadget production than any other country.arrow_forwardThe people of Chingola district a town in the Copperbelt province of Zambia are concerned over the activities of the local investor whose copper mining activities have resulted in the pollution of the Kafue river. Some commentators have argued that there is need for Government to come up with a tax to deal with this externality. Using your knowledge of Public sector economics, Identify the type of externality and how large tax rate should the government use in order to eliminate this externality? Why does this tax rate work? Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.arrow_forward
- Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is relatively inelastic at low prices and relatively elastic at high prices. For example, at an average of $2 per pack, the price elasticity of demand is -0.34. At an average of $10 per pack, the price elasticity of demand is -1.70. States want to tax cigarettes because of their negative externalities and to acquire revenue. Two states plan to increase their cigarette taxes by 10%. In State A, the price per pack is $2. In State B, the price per pack is $10. Given the information above, would a 10% tax increase have different effects on cigarette consumption and tax revenue in these states? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain how marketable emission credits add to overall economic efficiency, compared to across-the-board limitations on maximum discharges of air pollutants by firms.arrow_forwardExplain how subsidies provided by the government to producers solve their externalitiesarrow_forward
- The Lindahl equilibrium involves producing how many units of the public good? At what tax share?arrow_forwardEmission charges and cap-and-trade systems are the two dominant market incentive-based approaches for the reduction of emissions. Describe how an emission charge or tax works. Describe how a cap-and-trade system works. Contrast the two systems: what are the fundamental differences between them? Do those differences matter? Provide two examples of jurisdictions that impose a carbon tax. Provide two examples of jurisdictions that imposes a cap-and-trade regime. As the manager of a business that produces emissions, which system would you prefer to face? Why?arrow_forwardSuppose a small country, Country X, is considering implementing a Carbon Tax to address environmental concerns and reduce carbon emissions. The government believes that such a tax will have an impact on the country's economic performance. Given the following data: Current annual carbon emissions: 500,000 metric tons The government proposes a carbon tax of $30 per metric ton of carbon emitted. Calculate the potential change in annual carbon tax revenue if the country successfully reduces its carbon emissions by 20% after the implementation of the Carbon Tax.arrow_forward
- Which of the following types of goods and services should be taxed in order to discourage their production? Which of the following types of goods and services should be taxed in order to discourage their production? Goods and services with high inocme elasticities of demand Goods and services with negative externalities Goods and services with high price elasticities of demand Goods and services with positive externalitiesarrow_forwardThe main disadvantage of an emissions tax is that .... differences among firms are not incorporated into the policy firms lack the flexibility to pursue different technologies firms cannot behave in an economically-efficient manner. firms do not have the incentive to reduce pollution. the total pollution reduction from an emissions tax cannot be known for sure.arrow_forwardConsider a non-rival and non-excludeable public good. The government decides whether or not to provide the good based upon a majority vote. If the good is provided all citizens pay an equal share of the cost. Evaluate the following two statements. (i) The good WILL NOT be provided if it is NOT efficient to do so. (ii) The good will be provided if it is efficient to do so. a. Both (i) and (ii) are always true. b. Neither (i) nor (ii) is always true. c. Only (ii) is always true. d. Only (i) is always true.arrow_forward
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