ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135964422
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 40, Problem 7TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, studied how the size of yarrow plants (Achillea lanulosa) growing on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada varied with elevation. They found that plants from low elevations were generally taller than plants from high elevations, as shown below:
Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explain this variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differences between populations of plants found at different elevations. (2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assume tall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors. If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and high elevations, describe the experiments you would perform to test these hypotheses.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The study explored population diversity of fungal endophytes present in the mangrove Sonneratia alba (Pagatpat). These endophytes were isolated, characterized morphologically and molecularly identified by amplification of the ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood was performed on the sequences to elucidate the identification of various isolates. 11 species were isolated from both Tacloban and Matalom sites, but four (4) of these species were unique to Matalom. Based on the computed Shannon-Weiner indices, host mangroves from Matalom (H’=2.738) were more diverse compared to the host mangroves from Tacloban (H’=2.505). Gleason’s Species Richness indices also showed that leaves collected from Matalom (d=4.277) exhibited a greater species richness than leaves from Tacloban (d=3.256). The results implied that alba generally possess the same species of fungal endophytes; but diversity and species are affected by the environmental conditions, geographical location and the…
с
C
C
Blue Oak (B)
Oregon Oak (0)
Valley Oak (V)
Coast Live Oak (C)
Which character(s) in the data matrix are parsimony informative?
B
B
B
Tree 1
X
X
B
1
A
T
T
T
T T
B
B
2
A
A
2, 4, and 6
3
Tree 2
তত ত
Use the diagrams below to:
Draw the three possible unrooted trees for the four taxa in the data matrix.
Map each informative character, correctly showing the changes on each tree.
Circle the most parsimonious tree
Please draw out your response to questions 2-4 using the template below as a guide, take a picture,
and list the correct number of steps
and then insert the picture below.
G с
G
4CCG
G
с
G G
SATIG
5 6
G
5559
G
B
B
C
X
X
X
G
C
B
Tree 3
X
You can use plants grown in pots in a growth chamber to investigate many ecological and evolutionary research questions. Identify an interesting ecological or evolutionary research question, then design an experiment to address this question using a plant system. To come up with your research question, think of questions related to topics covered in lecture. The following questions are very general, but might give you some ideas as you develop your own, more specific, question.• Which species in a group of species is the best intraspecific competitor?• Which species in a group of species is the best interspecific competitor? • Is the best intraspecific competitor also the best interspecific competitor?• Does competitive exclusion occur between two species with similar ecological niches?• Does the outcome of interspecific competition change in different environments, or is the best competitor always the best competitor under all environmental conditions?• Similar to the question above –…
Chapter 40 Solutions
ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
Ch. 40.1 - Explain how the suns unequal heating of Earths...Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.1 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 40.2 - Why are phytoplankton and not benthic algae or...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The addition of nutrients to a...Ch. 40.3 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 40.3 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting the...Ch. 40.4 - DRAW IT Each female of a particular fish species...Ch. 40.4 - Imagine that you are constructing a life table for...
Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.5 - Explain why a constant per capita rate of growth...Ch. 40.5 - Explain why a population that fits the logistic...Ch. 40.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.6 - WHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a...Ch. 40.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40 - Which of the following biomes is correctly paired...Ch. 40 - A populations carrying capacity A. may change as...Ch. 40 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 40 - According to the logistic growth equation...Ch. 40 - WHAT IF? If the direction of Earths rotation...Ch. 40 - INTERPRET THE DATA After examining Figure 40.13,...Ch. 40 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 40 - Prob. 10TYU
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the information to produce a functional product. The functional product ...
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Propose a model for the assembly of a flagellum in a typical Gram-positive cell envelope.
Prescott's Microbiology
Why are mutants used as test organisms in the Ames test?
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (12th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
What are the cervical and lumbar enlargements?
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Match the people in column A to their contribution toward the advancement of microbiology, in column B. Column ...
Microbiology: An Introduction
Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecules would be arranged like this?
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Aloes vs. Agaves Describe 3 general similarities (analogous structures) you observed between Aloes & Agaves. Now, identify a specific example -- 1 Aloe species and 1 Agave species -- that look especially similar. List their names and clearly describe how they are alike. What environmental pressures likely drove the development of these similar traits? Explain. Now, what makes these two families different? Fill in the table below based on the lab’s video lecture or your personal observations: Geographic origin Flowers (stalk length, color) # of reproductive events Leaf characteristics Aloes Agavesarrow_forward, make a diagram illustrating the evolution of a domesticated crop (preferably one that is cultivated or grown in your area). You may use any medium (crayons, colored pencils, etc.) which is readily available to you. Your output will be evaluated based on content (Does the diagram show information that is valuable and relevant to the theme?), organization (Does the diagram present information in a clear and orderly manner?), presentation (Are the layout and design of the diagram attractive and neat?) and graphics (Do the illustrations creatively and adequately support the information that the diagram intends to relay? Are the illustrations big enough to be identified from at least 1 meter away?).arrow_forwardNeed help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?arrow_forward
- A consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic cattle. They particularly want to know whether the humped zebu cattle of Asia and the cattle of Africa are derived from different species of wild cattle than European breeds. Outline a complete research program to study this question. Describe the sequence of steps you would need to do, what kind of data you would collect, and the methods you could use to evaluate possible trees and branches.arrow_forwardc- What are the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 |10 0 4 4 14 G3 12 8 7 G2 06 16 G4 ㅇ 0 12 G5arrow_forwardName: Date: Galapagos Finch Evolution (HHMI Biointeractive) - https://voutu be/mcM23M-CCog ~16 minutes 1. What is the "mystery of mysteries? 2. The Grants' study on the island of Daphne Major studied what organisms? 3. Where did the 13 species of finches on the islands come from? 4. How did the Grants catch the finches? 5. What features did they measure? 6. What happened in 1977 to the island? 7. What type of birds were more likely to survive after this event? 8. After the El Nino event in 1983, which birds were more likely to survive? 9. What keeps different species from mating on the Galapagos islands? 10. The most likely scenario explaining the different finches on the islands is that: a) different birds migrated to different islands b) one species evolved into many different species 11. Examine the graph below. Summarize what happened to the finch population between 1976 and 1978. 30 1976 Offspring 25- 20- 15- 10- 5- 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.3 40 1978 Offspring 30- 20-…arrow_forward
- Species Concepts Review The Baltimore Orioles and Black-backed Orioles species complex has conflicting evidence in support of each being their own species and in support of them being the same species. Review the evidence below for each hypothesis, then, using that evidence, explain whether they should be classified as distinct or the same species based on each species concept. Then, using the overall evidence, decide whether to classify them as the same or different species. Genetic Information (In the Species Concepts lab, we used a "controversial" 10% cutoff. A more realistic cutoff might be 1%. Let's use a 1% cutoff for this activity.) Sequence Differences Baltimore Oriole vs Black- backed Oriole Cytochrome b 0.26% Control region 0.74% 2A. Based on the genetic information above, should the Baltimore Oriole and Black-backed Oriole be classified as one species or two species?arrow_forwardQuestion 18 How many synapomorphies are present in the phylogenetic tree shown above? N. fleshy fruits red flowers bat pollination palmately lobed leaves O a 4 O b.2 O d3 outgroup Crescentia uno Crescentia dos Tabebuia alpha Tabebuia beta Tabebuia gamm. Tabebuia deltaarrow_forwarda- What is Phylogenetics? b- What are the types of Phylogenetics trees? c- What ere the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (LPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 10 12 8 7 0 4 4 14 0 6 16 G2 G3 G4 G5 0 12 TOParrow_forward
- 1. Remember, your boss wants to know what temperature the amylase enzyme will function best. Write hypotheses that you could test to answer his question. H0: HA: 2. What would be your control group for the hypotheses you’ve written above on this tropical species? What is/are the experimental groups for your experiment? Stated another way, to prove your work is in Aspergillus oryzae is successful, what will you compare your trials to?arrow_forwardPeppered Moth Experiment Researchers wanted to further test the idea that Peppered Moth populations around London really shifted due to their increased visibility to predators on dark trees. Researchers constructed two sample forest plots, each surrounded by bird-proof netting. In both enclosures they captured ALL the moths and ALL the birds. Trees in each enclosure were stripped of lichens so they ALL had dark bark. The treatments for each enclosure were as follows: Enclosure A: 50 dark-colored moths and 50 light-colored moths were released. Enclosure B: 50 dark-colored moths and 50 light-colored moths were released, plus 10 birds. Proportions of dark and light moths were monitored in each enclosure for 10 years by thorough sampling (sampling did not harm moths). Results for moth populations after 10 years are reported in the chart below. In addition, the bird population in Enclosure B was remained fairly constant over the 10 years and no birds appeared in Enclosure A. Enclosure…arrow_forwardchoose correct option nd Do explain 1. Which of the phylogenetic trees in the Figure is the most accurate? Explain your answer. Note: the mitochondria and chloroplasts are from maize, but they are treated as independent “organisms” for the purposes of this question. a. Tree (a) b. Tree (b) c. Tree (c) d. Tree (d) e. Tree (e)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license