Concept explainers
To explain: Heart defects are the most common type of birth defect in the single-birth group and is more or less common in the multiple birth group.
Concept introduction: During the gestation period, the mother can have single birth or multiple births. Single birth is where only one fetus is carried during the gestation period in the womb. Multiple births are where more than one fetus is carried during the gestation period such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, and more. Carrying more than one fetus in the womb results in insufficient supply of nutrient to the developing fetus. These fetuses become still-born or born with abnormalities
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardMagdalena is a 26-year-old who consulted for prenatal check-up, LMP was January 28, 2020 Magdalena provides a maternal history, including the following data; one healthy female delivered at term; one miscarriage at 8 weeks; one stillborn male delivered at term: one therapeutic abortion at 6 weeks: one premature male delivered at 32 weeks. During this pregnancy, Magdalena would be considered as: Gravida 5 Para 2 Gravida 5 Para 3 Gravida 6 Para 3 Gravida 6 Para 2arrow_forwardThe U.S. rate of infant mortality and morbidity is high compared to other industrialized countries, and research indicates that these rates result because babies are born prematurely due to lack of proper prenatal care True B) Falsearrow_forward
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- During pregnancy, how does malnutrition during critical periods of development affect the fetus? Group of answer choices When the development of an organ is impaired, the damage is irreversible. If the development of the heart is impaired in the early stages, it can be reversed if good nutrition is provided after the critical period. Malnutrition does not affect the fetus but has adverse effects on the mother's health. Malnutrition does not cause dental problems as teeth develop after the baby is born. A surplus of nutrients taken after the critical period will make up for a deficit caused at any time during development.arrow_forwardWhat is the Scientific basis of Risk for altered growth and development related to the congenital heart defect.?That coming from NANDA book.arrow_forwardwhy is it important to know the prevalence of premature rupture of membranes in adolescent compared to adult pregnancyarrow_forward
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