The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Which of these is not part of insect immunity? (A) enzyme activation of pathogenkilling chemicals (B) activation of natural killer cells (C) phagocytosis by hemocytes (D) production of antimicrobial peptides

. Which of these is not part of insect immunity?(A) enzyme activation of pathogen-killingchemicals(B) activation of natural killer cells(C) phagocytosis by hemocytes(D) production of antimicrobial peptides

1) The immune system and the brain are (two correct answers) : unrelated to one another strictly connected communicate through biological pathways including inflammation 2) How would you define the relationship between the immune system and the brain? a) Unidirectional (the immune system does not influence the brain) b) Unidirectional (the brain influences the immune system but only in case of severe physical diseases like cancer) c) bidirectional (they influence each other)

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction