EBK BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797352
Author: Raven
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 43, Problem 7U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A reflex is a sudden response which occurs in the muscles by involuntary functions. It causes the production of rapid motor response towards a stimulus. Cerebral cortex contains higher cognitive functions and causes the integration and interpretation of the sensory information. The thalamus is a relay station which contains autonomic functions.
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Reflexes involve the:
Select one:
a. sympathetic and central nervous systems.
b. autonomic nervous system and the brain.
c. parasympathetic nervous system and the
cerebrum.
d. peripheral nervous system and the spinal
cord.
All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT
which one?
A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem.
B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system.
C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or
cranial nerves.
D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.
Tertiary neurons in both the spinothalamic tract and the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal systema. project to the somatosensory cortex.b. cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata.c. are found in the spinal cord.d. connect to quaternary neurons in the thalamus.e. are part of a descending pathway
Chapter 43 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 43 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 43 - The ____ cannot be controlled by conscious...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3UCh. 43 - Inhibitory neurotransmitters a. hyperpolarize...Ch. 43 - White matter is ______, and gray matter is...Ch. 43 - During an action potential a. the rising phase is...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7UCh. 43 - Imagine that you are doing an experiment on the...Ch. 43 - The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a. not required for...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3A
Ch. 43 - The following is a list of the components of a...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5ACh. 43 - As you sit quietly reading this sentence, the part...Ch. 43 - G proteincoupled receptors are involved in the...Ch. 43 - Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a drug that blocks...Ch. 43 - Describe the status of the Na+ and K+ channels at...Ch. 43 - Describe the steps required to produce an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4S
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- Fibers of the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal systema. carry the sensations of two-point discrimination, proprioception,pressure, and vibration.b. cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata.c. are divided into the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatusin the spinal cord.d. include secondary neurons that exit the medulla and synapse in thethalamus.e. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct? tertiary neurons found by:- a. extending between the posterior horn and anterior horn b. extending between the posterior horn and the brainstem c. extending between the thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex d. extending between the primary motor cortex and brainstemarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason why a reflex arc is faster than a normal nerve transmission? a. A reflex arc stimulates the motor neurons for an immediate reaction. b. A reflex arc does not send information to the brain to be processed. c. A reflex arc does not involve neurotransmitters. d. A reflex arc involves fewer neurons.arrow_forward
- Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord will most likely affecta. information processing within the spinal cord.b. the stimulation of sensory organs.c. communication between the peripheral nervous system and the brain.d. reflex arcs.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true concerning reflex arcs EXCEPT A.they involve a few neurons and directly enter and immediately leave the spinal cord B.they are used to prevent harm C.they are subconscious and automatic D.they only use the PNS and not the CNSarrow_forwardState the function of autonomic nervous system. A. Transmits information from periphery to the central nervous system B. Voluntary nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles C. Involuntary nervous system that innervates smooth muscle and glands. D. Important for conscious responses Indicate the correct cerebral lobes and its control. A. Frontal lobe: speech and voluntary movement B. Parietal lobe: conscious perception of vision C. Temporal lobe: taste and reading D. Occipital lobe: smell and hearingarrow_forward
- Lesions of the cerebellum may cause A. spinal shock. B. hyperreflexia. OC. ataxia. O D. tremor at rest. E. increased tone of the flexors of the arms.arrow_forward1. The single long process that extends from a typical motor nerve cell is the a. axon. b. synapse. c. cell body d. dendrite. 2. The cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other by means of the a. cerebral cortex. b. corpora cardiaca. c. corpus callosum. d. corpus allata. 3. Which of the following statements concerning the peripheral nervous system is false? a. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. b. Some nerves are both sensory and motor. c. Spinal nerves lead to and from the spinal cord. d. Cranial nerves lead from the brain directly to the spinal cord. 4. Which of the following sequences is correct? a. sensory neurons->interneurons->motor neurons b. motor neurons->integrators->sensory neurons c. receptors->sensory neurons->motor neurons->interneurons d. sensory neurons->receptors->motor neurons 5. The left hemisphere of the brain is…arrow_forwardMark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen. b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learningarrow_forward
- Spastic paralysis may occur when there is damage to a.the lower motor neurons. b.the upper motor neurons. c.either the lower or the upper motor neurons. d.Spastic paralysis would not result from either of these types of damage.arrow_forwardMatch the following: Cranial nerve to its function. Answers may be use more than once. Hypoglossal nerve + Accessory nerve - Vestibulocochlear nerve Trochlear nerve ◆ Trigeminal nerve A. Facial sensation, mastication, corneal reflex B. Tongue movement C. Downward and lateral gaze of the eye D. Balance and hearing E. Head movementarrow_forwardSelect all that apply to the permanent effects of spinal cord injury a. patients with a cervical injury may require ventilation assistance b. injuries below T12 results in spastic paralysis (reflexes are intact, but cannot be controlled) c. injuries above T12 results in spastic paralysis (reflexes are intact, but cannot be controlled) d. depends on level of injury, area of cord affected and extent of damage e. SANS outflow from thoracic and lumbar regions is affected in cervical spinal injuries f. Vagus nerve outflow is affected in cervical spinal injuriesarrow_forward
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The Sensorimotor System and Human Reflexes; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0PEXquyhA4;License: Standard youtube license