Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133953982
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A./
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 16CQ
To determine
How greater cosmic ray intensity changes the carbon dated values.
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Suppose it could be shown that the cosmic-ray intensity at the Earth's surface was much greater 10 000 years ago. How
would this difference affect what we accept as valid carbon-dated values of the age of ancient samples of once-living
matter? Explain your answer.
A sample from human remains found near Stonehenge in
England shows that 71.2% of the carbon-14 still remains.
Use the model Q(1) = Qe-0.000121 to determine the age
of the sample. In this model, Q(t) represents the amount
of carbon-14 remaining t years after death, and Qo
represents the initial amount of carbon-14 at the time of
death. Round to the nearest 100 yr.
The half-life for a particular isotope is 5 seconds. Suppose there are initially 380 grams present in a specimen. Find how much of the specimen remains after 8 seconds. (Your answer should contain about 4 or 5 significant digits.)
Determine how long it will take for there to be 240 grams remaining. (Your answer should contain about 4 or 5 significant digits.)
Chapter 44 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 44.1QQCh. 44.5 - Prob. 44.3QQCh. 44.5 - Which of the following is the correct daughter...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1OQCh. 44 - Prob. 2OQCh. 44 - Prob. 3OQCh. 44 - Prob. 4OQCh. 44 - Prob. 5OQCh. 44 - Prob. 6OQCh. 44 - Prob. 7OQ
Ch. 44 - Prob. 8OQCh. 44 - Prob. 9OQCh. 44 - Prob. 10OQCh. 44 - Prob. 11OQCh. 44 - Prob. 12OQCh. 44 - Prob. 13OQCh. 44 - Prob. 1CQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CQCh. 44 - Prob. 4CQCh. 44 - Prob. 5CQCh. 44 - Prob. 6CQCh. 44 - Prob. 7CQCh. 44 - Prob. 8CQCh. 44 - Prob. 9CQCh. 44 - Prob. 10CQCh. 44 - Prob. 11CQCh. 44 - Prob. 12CQCh. 44 - Prob. 13CQCh. 44 - Prob. 14CQCh. 44 - Prob. 15CQCh. 44 - Prob. 16CQCh. 44 - Prob. 17CQCh. 44 - Prob. 1PCh. 44 - Prob. 2PCh. 44 - Prob. 3PCh. 44 - Prob. 4PCh. 44 - Prob. 5PCh. 44 - Prob. 6PCh. 44 - Prob. 7PCh. 44 - Prob. 8PCh. 44 - Prob. 9PCh. 44 - Prob. 10PCh. 44 - Prob. 11PCh. 44 - Prob. 12PCh. 44 - Prob. 13PCh. 44 - Prob. 14PCh. 44 - Prob. 15PCh. 44 - Prob. 16PCh. 44 - Prob. 17PCh. 44 - Prob. 18PCh. 44 - Prob. 19PCh. 44 - Prob. 20PCh. 44 - Prob. 21PCh. 44 - Prob. 22PCh. 44 - Prob. 23PCh. 44 - Prob. 24PCh. 44 - Prob. 25PCh. 44 - Prob. 26PCh. 44 - Prob. 27PCh. 44 - Prob. 28PCh. 44 - Prob. 29PCh. 44 - Prob. 31PCh. 44 - Prob. 32PCh. 44 - Prob. 33PCh. 44 - Prob. 34PCh. 44 - Prob. 35PCh. 44 - Prob. 36PCh. 44 - Prob. 37PCh. 44 - Prob. 38PCh. 44 - Prob. 39PCh. 44 - Prob. 40PCh. 44 - Prob. 41PCh. 44 - Prob. 42PCh. 44 - Prob. 43PCh. 44 - Prob. 44PCh. 44 - Prob. 45PCh. 44 - Prob. 46PCh. 44 - Prob. 47PCh. 44 - Prob. 48PCh. 44 - Prob. 49PCh. 44 - Prob. 50PCh. 44 - Prob. 51PCh. 44 - Prob. 52PCh. 44 - Prob. 53PCh. 44 - Prob. 54APCh. 44 - Prob. 55APCh. 44 - Prob. 56APCh. 44 - Prob. 57APCh. 44 - Prob. 58APCh. 44 - Prob. 59APCh. 44 - Prob. 60APCh. 44 - Prob. 61APCh. 44 - Prob. 62APCh. 44 - Prob. 63APCh. 44 - Prob. 64APCh. 44 - Prob. 65APCh. 44 - Prob. 66APCh. 44 - Prob. 67APCh. 44 - Prob. 68APCh. 44 - Prob. 69APCh. 44 - Prob. 70APCh. 44 - Prob. 71APCh. 44 - Prob. 72APCh. 44 - As part of his discovery of the neutron in 1932,...Ch. 44 - Prob. 74APCh. 44 - Prob. 75APCh. 44 - Prob. 76APCh. 44 - Prob. 77CPCh. 44 - Prob. 78CP
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- The half life for the decay of carbon-14 is 5.73*10^3 years. Suppose the activity due to the radioactive decay of the carbon-14 in a tiny sample of an artifact made of wood from an archeological dig is measured to be 65. Bq. The activity in a similar-sized sample of fresh wood is measured to be 72. Bq. Calculate the age of the artifact. Round your answer to 2 significant digitsarrow_forwardThe You-Yangs are a series of rocky granite ridges to the south-west of Melbourne, whose rocks contain crystals of titanite. A field student measures 98.27% of the titanite crystals contain the thorium isotope 232Th. If thorium has a half-life of ?1/2 =14 x 109 years, what is the student's estimate of the age of the You-Yangs? (Units: Years)arrow_forwardA certain radioactive element has a half life of 3725 years. How much of a 8.03 g sample is left after 2035 years? Answer: What is the energy released when 0.520 g are converted to energy? Express your answer in joules. For self-consistent units you must use kg because 1 J-1 kg m²/s².arrow_forward
- A rock sample contains two radioactive elements A and B, with half lives of 8000 and 16000 years respectively. If the relative proportion of AB is initially 1: 1, what is their relative proportion after 16000 years? 2:1 3:1 12 1.3arrow_forward= U is for Uranium. Natural uranium consists of 235U (percent abundance P₁ = 0.7300%, A₁ = 3.12 x 10-¹7 [s-¹]) and 233U (percent abundance P₂ = 99.27%, 2₂ = 4.92 × 10-¹8 [s-¹]). Consider the time when Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago. Setup the time dependence of percent abundance of the two uranium isotopes. Use №₁ and N₂ as current particle count of the isotopes (use №₁,0 and N₂,0 for the initial particle count back when Earth was formed) Then, Compute for the initial percent abundance of each uranium isotopes when the Earth was formed.arrow_forwardRadiocarbon dating assumes that the abundance of 14C in the environment has been constant. Suppose 14C was less abundant 10,000 years ago than it is today. Would this cause a lab using radiocarbon dating to overestimate or underestimate the age of a 10,000-yearold artifact? (In fact, the abundance of 14C in the environment does vary slightly with time. But the issue has been well studied, and the ages of artifacts are adjusted to compensate for this variation.)arrow_forward
- The isotope Carbon 14 decays by β emission and has a half-life of 5730 years. The carbon in living matter has an activity of 15.3 counts/minute/gm. A sample of ancient papyrus shows a count of 4.1/hour/gm. What is the approximate age of the papyrus? Select one: a. 730 years. b. 44,700 years. c. 10,900 years. d. 7,300 years.arrow_forwardA sample contains 1,174 nuclei of a radioactive isotope of chromium. If the half-life is 33 days, how many of the radioactive nuclei were present one year earlier? (This year lasted 365 days.) Give your answer to 3 significant figures in scientific notation (e.g. 3.29E6)arrow_forwardThe half-life for the decay of carbon-14 is 5.73*10^3 years. Suppose the activity due to the radioactive decay of the carbon-14 in a tiny sample of an artifact made of wood from an archeological dig is measured to be 65. Bq. The activity in a similar-sized sample of fresh wood is measured to be 69. Bq. Calculate the age of the artifact. Round your answer to 2 significant digitsarrow_forward
- A certain specimen of charcoal contains 55% of Carbon-14 as compared to a charcoal at present day. If the decay factor k=0.0001216 per year, Determine the age of the charcoal and the half-life of the specimen.arrow_forwardThe half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for a quantity ofradioactive material to decay to one-half of its original amount. (a) The half-life of Carbon 14 (C-14) is 5230 years. Determine the decay-rate parameter λ for C-14.(b) The half-life of Iodine 131 (I-131) is 8 days. Determine the decay-rate parameter for I-131.arrow_forwardThis exercise uses the radioactive decay model. The half-life of radium-226 is 1600 years. Suppose we have a 29-mg sample. (a) Find a function m(t) = mo2-t/h that models the mass remaining after t years. m(t) 1600 29 2 (b) Find a function m(t) = moe-rt that models the mass remaining after t years. (Round your r value to six decimal places m(t) = %3D (c) How much of the sample will remain after 5000 years? (Round your answer to one decimal place.) 1 mg (d) After how many years will only 17 mg of the sample remain? (Round your answer to one decimal place.) X yrarrow_forward
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