Campbell Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781269601894
Author: Reece
Publisher: INGRAM
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Chapter 44.1, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø Researchers found that a camel in the sun required much more water when its fur was shaved off, although its body temperature was the same. What can you conclude about the relationship between osmoregulation and the insulation provided by fur?
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WHAT IF? Kidney failure is often treated by hemodialysis, in which blood diverted out of the body is filteredand then allowed to flow on one side of a semipermeablemembrane. Fluid called dialysate flows in the oppositedirection on the other side of the membrane. In replacingthe reabsorption and secretion of solutes in a functionalkidney, the makeup of the starting dialysate is critical.What initial solute composition would work well?
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Elucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in osmoregulation and their strategies to overcome them. Emphasize the modifications of their osmoregulatory organs.
What would be the impact on obligatory volume if humans had a medullary concentration gradient extending to 2000 mOsm/L?
Chapter 44 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...
Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- Test Your Understanding 16 EVOLUTION LINK The kangaroo rats diet consists of dry seeds, and it drinks no water. What types of osmoregulatory adaptations might help this animal survive?arrow_forwardCompare the osmoregulatory problems and adaptations of a hypo-osmotic shallow marine fish, a hyperosmotic freshwater fish, a deep-sea fish, a salmon, and a terrestrial vertebratearrow_forwardCalculate your individual fluid needs in cups per day. How did you arrive at your answer? Why is hydration so important to our survival?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about osmoregulation is true? a. In freshwater invertebrates, salts move out of the body into the water because the animal is hypoosmotic to the water. b. A marine teleost has to fight gaining water because it is isoosmotic to the sea. c. Most land animals are osmoconformers. d. Vertebrates are usually osmoregulators. e. Terrestrial animals can regulate their osmolarity withoutexpending energy.arrow_forwardWhich mechanism of osmoregulation is shared by sharks and hagfish? the osmolarity of their plasma is about the same as that of sea water both are osmoregulators both excrete all of their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid both drink large amounts of fresh water to avoid desiccation (drying out)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about acclimatization? Acclimatization allows animals to compensate for changes in their environment Acclimatization improves function in a new environment Acclimatization occurs when an animal tries to reestablish a homeostatic set point Acclimatization is passed on to offspring of acclimated individuals.arrow_forward
- Related species of terrestrial animals typically display allometricrelations between body-water dynamism and body size. Forexample, the weight-specific rate of evaporative water loss tendsto decrease allometrically as body size increases. What are themechanistic reasons for these relationships?arrow_forwardWhich animal is likely to have the highest level of D.D.T depositions in its body?arrow_forwardWhat type of osmoregulatory challenge is faced by marine fishes? by freshwater fishes? What mechanisms have evolved to meet these challenges?arrow_forward
- The bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephronsarrow_forwardElucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in osmoregulation and their strategies to overcome them.arrow_forwardIf osmoregulatory hypotonic fish species are generally bony fish and osmoregulatory hypertonic fish species are generally soft and absorbent. Does it mean the reason for them being soft or bony from an evolutionary standpoint gives reason to why they are formed that way? Basically what I'm trying to ask is whether they are hypotonic or hypertonic, does it have a correlation to why they are bony or muscular like in structure.arrow_forward
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