CAMPBELL BIO ETXT+ACCESS >IC<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323770689
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 44.3, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To identify: The initial composition of the solute in the hemodialysis dialysate that would be suitable in replacement of the reabsorption and the secretion of the solutes in a functional kidney.
Concept introduction: The composition of the filtrate in the kidney includes glucose, urea, vitamins, salt ions, amino acids and the drugs. The absorption the glucose takes place in the proximal tubules. The reabsorption of salts takes place in the distal tubules. The process of the countercurrent ion transport takes place inside the nephrons of the kidney.
The two processes are the active transport and the passive transport inside the kidney cells. The aquaporin channels are present in the collecting duct, which transport the water and the ions in the body. The substances in the replaced fluid should contain glucose, salt ions like sodium and potassium. The concentration of the urea should be less in the dialysate fluid.
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Chapter 44 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIO ETXT+ACCESS >IC<
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- Question:- Biologists recently have been able to produce mice that lack functioning genes for aquaporins. How does their urine compare to that of individuals with normal aquaporins?a. lower volume and lower osmolarityb. lower volume and higher osmolarityc. higher volume and lower osmolarityd. higher volume and higher osmolarityarrow_forwardVISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the sequence of structures that a drop of glomerular filtrate passes through as it moves from Bowmans capsule to the urinary bladder.arrow_forwardQuestion :- We now know that the imbalance between the amount of sodium and water reabsorbed in the loop of Henle produce a hyposmotic filtrate. Does filtrate can become even more dilute as it flows through the distal tubule. If no ADH was present but with the composition of the resultant urine be and why?arrow_forward
- The activity below illustrates the effect of which of the following? Choose from the following: (A) concentration osmotic gradient effect without ADH or aldosterone (B) concentration osmotic gradient effect with aldosterone (C) concentration osmotic gradient effect with anti-diuretic hormonearrow_forward3. Describe the process of urine formation in the kidney using all relevant structures of a nephron. How does osmolarity allow for water reabsorption? How and from where is filtrate formed?arrow_forwardHow do the kidneys maintain blood pH? Group of answer choices by releasing buffers by excreting H+ ions by changing breathing rate by excreting glucose Which of the following signals the central nervous system to initiate urination? Group of answer choices Stretch sensors in the urinary bladder send out signals when it reaches a certain fullness The excretory centre rhythmically signals the urinary bladder to contract Stretch sensors in the kidneys send out signals when it reaches a certain fullness Increased production of aldosterone signals the urinary bladder to contractarrow_forward
- 17.During an experiment study of oxyge consumption in the kidney, experimental animals are ventilated with 100% nitrogen. Cells from which of the following areas of the kidney are most likely to show the first signs of anoxic injury? A) Bowman's Capsule B)Distal conuvulated tubule C) Efferent arterioles D) Glomerulus E) Proximal Tubulearrow_forward1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.arrow_forward7, Which of the following negative feedback loops contains a proper response to a drop in blood pressure? Multiple Choice angiotensin II activation -> rise in aldosterone -> increased in Na+ reabsorption -> increased renin production -> increased water reabsorption -> increase in blood volume increase in Na+ reabsorption -> rise in aldosterone -> angiotensin II activation -> increased renin production -> increased water reabsorption -> increase in blood volume angiotensin II activation -> rise in aldosterone -> increased in K+ secretion -> increased renin production -> increased water reabsorption -> increase in blood volume increased renin production -> angiotensin II activation -> rise in aldosterone -> increased in Na+ reabsorption->increased water reabsorption ->increase in blood volumearrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of autoregulation of kidney function? a. The RAAS regulates Na1 by secreting renin when blood pressure or blood volume decreases. b. The ADH system regulates water balance by decreasing water reabsorption and increasing excretion of salt. c. Receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus detect a higher salt concentration in the distal convoluted tubule and trigger constriction of the afferent arteriole to reduce glomerular filtration rate. d. ANF is released by the kidney to increase renin release. e. Angiotensin II lowers blood pressure by constricting arterioles.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of their ability to concentrate urine. What is the effect of this change?arrow_forward5) Arman weighs 130 kg. Assume his total blood volume is 12%, his heart pumps his total blood volume within 90 seconds, and his renal blood flow is 20% of his cardiac output. Calculate the volume of blood that flows through Arman's kidneys each minute.arrow_forward
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