Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 45, Problem 2A
You have identified a calcium storage disease in rats. How would this inability to store Ca2+ affect muscle contraction?
a. Ca2+ would be unable to bind to tropomyosin, which enables troponin to move and reveal binding sites for cross-bridges.
b. Ca2+ would be unable to bind to troponin, which enables tropomyosin to move and reveal binding sites for cross-bridges.
c. Ca2+ would be unable to bind to tropomyosin, which enables troponin to release ATP.
d. Ca2+ would be unable to bind to troponin, which enables tropomyosin to release ATP.
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What event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na+ back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosin
With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere?
A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming.
B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere.
C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere.
D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line.
E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.
Which of the following is true concerning the role of Calcium in the contraction of muscle-
cells?
23.
A. skeletal muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the
burst of Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B. smooth muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the
burst of Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C. cardiac muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the
An burst of Calcium from intracellular stored-Calcium-organelles.
D. No type of muscle cell requires an extracellular inward-Calcium current for normal
contractile-function.
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 45.1 - Compare hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and...Ch. 45.1 - Explain how animals with hydrostatic skeletons...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 45.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 45.5 - Describe how friction and gravity affect...Ch. 45.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45 - Prob. 1IQCh. 45 - Exoskeletons and endoskeletons differ in that a....Ch. 45 - Worms use a hydrostatic skeleton to generate...Ch. 45 - Bone develops by one of two mechanisms depending...Ch. 45 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 45 - Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction via the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 6UCh. 45 - If you wanted to study the use of ATP during a...Ch. 45 - Place the following events in the correct order....Ch. 45 - You take X-rays of two individuals. Ray has been a...Ch. 45 - You have identified a calcium storage disease in...Ch. 45 - How do the muscles move your hand through space?...Ch. 45 - How can osteocytes remain alive within bone? a....Ch. 45 - Swimming underwater using forelimbs for propulsion...Ch. 45 - If a drug inhibits the release of ACh, what will...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1SCh. 45 - Prob. 2SCh. 45 - The nerve gas methylphosphonofluoridic acid...Ch. 45 - If natural selection favors the evolution of wings...
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- Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to protein structures in the supramolecule. Which of the following conformational changes requires energy, i.e. ATP hydrolysis? A. Binding of calcium to tropomyosin changing its conformation and exposing a binding site in troponin B. Binding of myosin to troponin resulting in the power stroke and cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction. C. Disruption in the binding of the myosin head to troponin preceding its release and relaxation back to its activated form. D. Binding of ATP to the myosin head bound to troponin.arrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. i do not knwo which one is the answerarrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. I do not know which one isarrow_forward
- The organization of myosin in smooth and striated muscle: A.) differ because smooth muscle lacks sarcomeres B.) is identical but the organization of actin is different C.) is identical but the isoforms of myosin differ D.) differ because striated muscle myosin forms filaments but smooth muscle myosin does not ATP is required for: a.) the phosphorylation of the myosin head in smooth muscle b.) the movement of tropomyosin on the actin filament c.) the swing of the myosin lever arm d.) A and B e.) tethering troponin I to troponin Carrow_forwardA mutation has occurred that prevents ATP from binding from the heads of myosin. What impact would this have (if any) on human muscle contraction? Select one: a. ATP has no impact on myosin binding. Myosin, unlike kinesins, works with GTP. b. Without ATP, myosin will be stuck to microfilaments, causing muscles to be “stuck” in whatever position they were last in. c. Without ATP, myosin will not be able to bind to microtubules and move vesicles or chromosomes around the cell resulting in cell death. d. Without ATP, myosin will be stuck to intermediate filaments “locking” organelles in place in the cell.arrow_forwardThe Sarcomere 2 Thin filaments are often named for which protein? a. actin b. myosin c. troponin d. tropomyosinarrow_forward
- Striated and smooth muscle activation differ because: a.) striated muscle activation is due to structural changes in the actin thin filament while smooth muscle activation requires structural changes in the myosin thick filament b.) striated muscle excitation is voltage dependent and smooth muscle is not c.) striated muscle activation requires calcium but smooth muscle does not d.) troponin C binds calcium in striated muscle while tropomyosin binds calcium in smooth muscle e.) A & Darrow_forwardWhat do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forward
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