BIOLOGY (LL)
BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 45, Problem 4TY
Summary Introduction

Introduction: The three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. The skeletal muscle is present throughout the body. It is directly involved in locomotion. It can generate action potentials in response to a stimulus. This results in an increased calcium ion concentration in the cytosol, which triggers force generation.

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The functions of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include                 A. releasing calcium ions after initiation of contraction.                 B. generating ATP which it passes to the contractile mechanism.                 C. binding to myosin during contraction.                 D. acting as a relaxing protein at rest by covering up the sites where myosin binds to actin.                 E. sliding on actin to produce shortening.
With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.
What role (function) does calcium have within a muscle fiber? a. trigger muscle potentials along t-tubules b. trigger contraction by causing the formation of cross bridges c. trigger exocytosis of ACh across the synaptic space d. trigger action potentials along axons e. open voltage gates within the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following are regulatory proteins that allow a muscle fiber to contract when calcium is present? (select all that apply) dystrophin troponin myosin tropomyosin actin 3. During this phase of an action potential, potassium ions exit the cell through voltage gated potassium channels. a. depolarization b. repolarization c. glycolysis d. cross bridge formation
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