BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS CARD
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264037452
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 47, Problem 2DA
Summary Introduction
To determine: The countercurrent exchange system and the site where the most oxygen diffuse from water into the blood.
Introduction: Countercurrent circulation helps in exchanging dissolved substances. Therefore, to maximize the concentration of oxygen in the blood, the fishes eliminate carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that is opposite to the movement of oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide at the same time.
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The effect of pressure on flow rate
Set-up:
For investigating the effect of pressure (height of a column of liquid), a 50-mL burette was used with a small length of rubber tubing fixed to the bottom on which a clamp could be fitted to start/stop the flow of water (Figure 1). Effluent was collected in a beaker and mean flow rate was calculated (mL/s), and a stopwatch was used to measure how long it took for 5 mL of liquid to flow out. For the subsequent sections of the practical, a 25-mL burette was used, and the top was connected via rubber tubing to a 5-liter reservoir placed on the shelving above the bench. The tubing at the base was connected to the different flow modules that comprised the different configurations of tubes to be tested.
Interpret the graph.
What does this relate to in the cardiovascular system, and is it something that can change? How?
What would be the implications for our ability to control blood flow to different tissues, if this were the only control mechanism…
Part A
How many iters of halfinormal saline IV solution with a concentration of 0.45% (m/v) can be prepared from 1.0 L of a 7.0% (m/v) stock solution?
Express your answer in liters to two significant figures.
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?
Volume -
L
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The effect of length on flow rate. A: the fluid reservoir is placed on top of the bench (Figure 2A) to give a pressure head. This is connected to the flow module by rubber tubing with a clamp on it. A 5-mL volumetric flask is used to collect fluid, and the time taken with different lengths of tubes is recorded on a stopwatch. (Figure 2B) The calculated flow rate plotted against the length of tube.
a. Interpret the graph/data
b. Would you expect the length of blood vessels to change in the body as a means of controlling flow? Comment on your answer.
c. Is this likely to be a common mechanism for controlling blood flow to different tissues?
Chapter 47 Solutions
BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS CARD
Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.1 - Compare evolutionary strategies for maximizing gas...Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Describe the breathing cycle of birds.Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47.5 - Describe the structure of hemoglobin.Ch. 47.5 - Predict hemoglobins oxygen affinity in various...Ch. 47.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47 - Prob. 1DACh. 47 - Prob. 2DACh. 47 - Prob. 3DACh. 47 - Prob. 4DACh. 47 - For a given PO2, how does oxyhemoglobin saturation...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1IQCh. 47 - Prob. 2IQCh. 47 - Prob. 1UCh. 47 - Increased efficiency of gas exchange in...Ch. 47 - Prob. 3UCh. 47 - Prob. 4UCh. 47 - Ficks Law of Diffusion states the rate of...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6UCh. 47 - Prob. 7UCh. 47 - Prob. 8UCh. 47 - When you take a deep breath, your stomach moves...Ch. 47 - Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for...Ch. 47 - Countercurrent flow systems do not occur in lungs...Ch. 47 - Respiratory organs of invertebrates and...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5ACh. 47 - During exercise more oxygen is delivered to the...Ch. 47 - Compare the operation and efficiency of fish gills...Ch. 47 - What happens when, during exercise, the oxygen...Ch. 47 - Explain how bacteria, archaea, protists, and many...
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