The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.

Antibodies against a specific antigen can be injected into a person to provide passive immunity. For which reason is this NOT as effective as the process of vaccination with that antigen? Select one: a. Injection of antibodies may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions. b. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity, and vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. c. Vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. d. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity. e. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity and may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions.

Mary contracted measles when she was six years old. She was very sick for several weeks, but eventually recovered. Years later , Mary’s daughter contracted measles, and Mary did not get sick which type of immunity to Mary Aquire? A. Passive naturally acquired B active naturally acquired C. Active artificially acquired. D. Passive artificially acquired.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Answer 6

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Answer 7

Chapter 48, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The immunity is the ability of the immune system to defend the animal against the invading pathogens. This system is involved in preventing the entry of the pathogen. If a pathogen enters, it detects and activates the immune response for clearing the pathogen from the body. The first line of defense is innate immunity that occurs in all animals and has a rapid response. The adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, if the pathogen has been encountered for the first time. It is a slow response.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The adaptive immunity is capable of creating memory and is specific when compared with innate immunity. The innate immunity differs from the adaptive response in the generation of memory.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given that the adaptive response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate response. The innate immunity and adaptive immunity are referred to as fast and slow responses against the pathogen, respectively. The cells are adapted for a specific pathogen in adaptive immunity, whereas the first cells that are active against a pathogen contribute to innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is capable of creating the memory after the first encounter of the pathogen. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given that the innate immune response can distinguish between the different pathogens, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between the strains of the same organism. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given that the antigen is capable of inducing innate as well as adaptive response. If the antigen has been previously encountered, then it activates the adaptive response. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given that innate response does not kill cells; the adaptive response does. There are many cells of innate immune system like white blood cells, or leukocytes, that defend and protect the human body by actively phagocyting foreign invaders. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Therefore, the innate immune response lacks the ability to distinguish between different strains of organisms and also the generation of immunological memory. The adaptive immune response includes antibodies, which contribute to this feature.

Answer 13

Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYK Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYK Ch. 48 - Prob. 3TYK Ch. 48 - 4. What is one of the differences between CD4+ and...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYU Ch. 48 - What steps are required for most B cells to become...Ch. 48 - Why is clonal selection necessary for the adaptive...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYU Ch. 48 - Prob. 9TYPSS Ch. 48 - Propose a hypothesis to explain how self-reactive...

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 48 Solutions