BIOLOGY DUAL ENROLLMENT VERSION
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136681311
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48, Problem 4TYU
Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?
(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.
(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon.
(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na- and K+ open in only one direction.
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Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltagegated Na+channels.(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential thanthe terminals of the axon.(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na+and K+open in onlyone direction.
A common feature of action potentials is that they(A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.(B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation.(C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold.(D) move at the same speed along all axons.
(b)
Use Figure Q1(b) of an action potential to answer questions (i) until (iv) below.
Choose the correct letter to represent each condition.
(i)
The neuron cannot fire an action potential because it is in a refractory period.
(ii)
The membrane potential is about -70 mV.
(iii)
The voltage-gated Na+ channels activation gates are closed, but the
inactivation gates are open.
(iv)
Both gates of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open.
C
Threshold
B
A
E
Figure Q1 (b)
Chapter 48 Solutions
BIOLOGY DUAL ENROLLMENT VERSION
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Depolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will shift the membrane potential toward (a) 0 mV. (b) -70 mV. (c) -90 mV. (d) a, b, and c are correct.arrow_forwardWhat happens when a resting neuron’s membranedepolarizes?(A) There is a net diffusion of Na+out of the cell.(B) The equilibrium potential for K+(EK) becomesmore positive.(C) The neuron’s membrane voltage becomesmore positive.(D) The cell’s inside is more negative than the outsidearrow_forwardWhich of the following factors are important in the establishment of the membrane potential at -70 mV? (i) Coulomb force; (ii) Ion concentration; (iii) Length of the axon; (iv) Number of dendrites; (v) Permeability of the cell membrane. Select one: a. (i), (iv), (v). b. (ii), (iii). c. (i), (ii), (v). d. (iii), (iv).arrow_forward
- Which of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level in a neuron plasma membrane? (a) voltageactivated Na1 channels open (b) K1 channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K1 channels closearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most direct result of depolarizingthe presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?(A) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open.(B) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane.(C) Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmittersto enter the synaptic cleft.(D) An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.arrow_forwardNerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.arrow_forward
- Following a current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Is the produced voltage change a hyperpolarization or a depolarization, and why? b) Is the produced voltage change excitatory or inhibitory, and why? c) What is the reason the voltage change switches from passive to active?arrow_forwardD Threshold B A . Earrow_forwardIn SA nodal cells the upstroke of the action potential:A)is characterized by a substantial overshoot component.B)results from rapid inward movement of Na+.C)results from inward movement of Ca2+D)results from inward movement of K+.arrow_forward
- Match each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forwardSuppose you inactivated a neuron’s Na/K exchange pumps (the active transporters), then immediately stimulated the neuron. i) Would the action potential fail to occur or be different from usual? Briefly explain. ii) Would repolarization fail to occur or be different from usual? Explain briefly. iii) Would the cell’s ability to respond to a second stimulus be changed? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardDuring the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to thresholdarrow_forward
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