PEARSON ETEXT FOR CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135988046
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48.3, Problem 2CC
In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros, hard), a person's myelin sheaths harden and deteriorate. How would this affect nervous system function?
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In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros, hard), a person’s myelin sheaths harden and deteriorate. How wouldthis affect nervous system function?
This is a biology question regarding nerve impulses.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition where tumours can grow in the nerves near the skin. The growth of tumours prevents the action potentials from quickly travelling through the neurons. Identify the nerve structure from the image below and the division of the nervous system affected by neurofibromatosis type 1.
CNS = Central Nervous System
PNS = Peripheral Nervous System
Select one:
a.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
3
PNS
b.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
4
CNS
c.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
5
PNS
d.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
1
CNS
Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration.
Which of the following explains why the neurons in the brain cannot repair damage like the neurons in your hands or feet can?
Chapter 48 Solutions
PEARSON ETEXT FOR CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Demyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardmultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the patient's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. what types of symptoms would you expect from such a disease? why? would Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes be affected? explainarrow_forwardIn a disease called GB syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. What is a possible effect that this will have on nerve impulse and muscle function.arrow_forward
- The backflow of a nerve impulse is prevented by the fact that at a chemical synapse, the axon terminal does not have neurotransmitter receptors and dendrites cannot secrete neurotransmitter chemicals. What does this statement tell you about the direction of nerve impulses in neurons?arrow_forwardMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder that causes the destruction of myelin sheaths surrounding neurons. People with MS display many symptoms, including slurred speech, double vision, and poor muscle coordination. What is the direct effect of MS on nerve impulse transmission? Select one: The movement of impulses along neurons is slower than normal. Dendrites cannot be stimulated by acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not generated in neurons. The threshold level of stimulation for neurons is greater than normal. Axons cannot sectete acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not able to travel across synapses. Oarrow_forwardSchwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration. Which of the following explains why the neurons in the brain cannot repair damage like the neurons in your hands or feet can? a. Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. b. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter. c. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. d. Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter.arrow_forward
- Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. What effect would you expect the loss of myelin to have onthe speed of nerve impulses?arrow_forwardsometimes the terms neuron and nerve are mistakenly used interchangeably. explain the difference between the two structures.arrow_forwardBecause the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.arrow_forward
- Action potentials are changes in membrane potential that are localized to a small area of the plasma membrane. However, an action potential can trigger the formation of a new action potential nearby. This cycle can repeat to produce conduction of the action potential down the length of the axon. Explain this process.arrow_forwardMany neurons have only a single axon, but many terminals at the end of the axon. How does this end structure of the axon support its function?arrow_forwardNeuroglia or glial cell that produce myelin around axons of the central nervous system are known asarrow_forward
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