EBK BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797376
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 49, Problem 2CQ
List and describe the three processes involved in urine production. Do each of these processes occur for every substance that enters an excretory organ such as the kidney?
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Which of the following pathways best describe the structures which urine has to flow through before being excreted out of the body? (Hint: some structures may be omitted, so just make sure the general order is correct)
1-Collecting duct -> bladder -> ureter
2-Collecting duct -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra
3-Collecting duct -> urethra -> bladder -> ureter
4-Major calyx -> minor calyx -> renal pelvis -> urethra
Generally, what types of molecules and in which direction (from blood to tubules or tubules to blood) do molecules move during each of the three processes involved in urine formation:
✓ glomerular filtration
✓ tubular reabsorption
✓ tubular secretion
The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.
Chapter 49 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 49.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 49.1 - What symptoms are sometimes seen in athletes after...Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 2EQCh. 49.1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 49.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 49.3 - Core Skill: Connections In what other organ is a...Ch. 49.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 49.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 49 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 49 - Prob. 2TYCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYCh. 49 - Prob. 4TYCh. 49 - Prob. 5TYCh. 49 - Prob. 6TYCh. 49 - Prob. 7TYCh. 49 - Prob. 8TYCh. 49 - Prob. 9TYCh. 49 - Prob. 10TYCh. 49 - Define nitrogenous waste, and list the main types...Ch. 49 - List and describe the three processes involved in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 3CQCh. 49 - Prob. 1COQCh. 49 - Briefly discuss the parts and functions of the...
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- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardThe process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular bloodarrow_forwardIdentify all of the following that are functions of the kidney: (a) maintain blood pH; (b) regulate blood ion concentrations; (c) regulate blood volume and blood pressure; (d) eliminate wastes, some hormones, and certain drugs from the blood; (e) release renin; (f) release erythropoietin; and (g) stimulate the final step in calcitriol formation.arrow_forward
- Identify the two distinct regions of the kidney and the components of each.explain?arrow_forwardThe renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forwardDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forward
- Individuals with a rare condition called diabetes insipidus do not produce vasopressin. How would urine output of an individual with diabetes insipidus compare with that of a healthy individual?arrow_forwardUrine is not about eliminating water accumulating directly in the urinary bladder. It is instead a very sophisticated process that involves the collaboration of two systems during various phases. Discuss in great detail the urine formation steps.arrow_forwardare both statements correct? In the absence of ADH, the kidneys produce dilute urine; renal tubules absorb more solutes than water. In the presence of ADH, the kidneys produce concentrated urine; large amounts of water are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid into interstitial fluid, increasing solute concentration of the urinearrow_forward
- A) The two kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity and are primarily responsible the formation of urine, and the regulation of extracellular fluid composition. Identify which blood vessels carry oxygenated - but waste containing - blood into the kidneys. Identify which blood vessels carry deoxygenated - but filtered - blood away from the kidneys. Approximately 1 million nephrons can be found in each kidney and are primarily responsible for the filtration of blood and extracellular fluids, and the production of urine. Nephrons perform three (3) physiological functions as they produce urine - filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Identify the various structures and their locations, within each nephron, where those three (3) physiological functions are performed. Describe what is happening, in relation to the various components of blood, during the performance of those three (3) physiological functions. Define the term filtrate. Identify the two (2) harmful products excreted by the…arrow_forwardList and define the three major renal processes.arrow_forwardWhat types of substances tend to be secreted? What types of substances tend to be reabsorbed? Why do we use the term “reabsorption” instead of “absorption” in the kidney? Filtrate is formed by hydrostatic pressure forcing fluid to leave the glomerulus. The filtrate is then collected by the glomerular capsule. List all of the structures, starting with the glomerular capsule, that fluid passes through until it eventually leaves the body. After you have listed the structures, indicate where the fluid is called filtrate, where it’s called tubular fluid, and where it is called urine. glomerular capsule→arrow_forward
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