Concept explainers
Because of increasing evidence of damage to the ozone layer, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production was banned in 1996. However, there are about 100 million auto air conditioners in operation that still use CFC-12 (CF2CI2). These air conditioners are recharged from stockpiled supplies of CFC-12. If each of the 100 million automobiles contains 1.1 kg of CFC-12 and leaks 25% of its CFC-12 into the atmosphere per year, how much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere each year due to auto air conditioners? (Assume two significant figures in your calculations.)
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties & Modified MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Chemistry: Structure and Properties Package
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- The earth's ozone layer is under attack in part by chlorine released when UV radiation breaks apart certain fluorocarbons. Consider three fluorcarbons known as CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and HCFC-22 (CHF2Cl). Calculate the percentage by weight of chlorine in each fluorocarbon If each kilogram of CFC-11 could be replaced by 1 kg of HCFC-22, by what percentage would the mass of chlorine emissions be reduced?arrow_forwardThe fuel tank of an automobile contains 62.0 kg of gasoline. If the gasoline reacts completely with excess oxygen (from the air) to form CO2 and H2O, what is the total mass of the products? For simplicity, assume that gasoline is comprised of 100% octane.(C8H18).arrow_forwardBecause of increasing evidence of damage to the ozone layer, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production was banned in 1996. However, there are about 100 million auto air conditioners that still use CFC−12 (CF2Cl2). These air conditioners are recharged from stockpiled supplies of CFC−12. If each of the 100 million automobiles contains 1.2 kg of CFC−12 and leaks 30% of its CFC−12 into the atmosphere per year, how much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere each year due to auto air conditioners? (Assume two significant figures in your calculations.)arrow_forward
- Approximately 12 billion kilograms of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are produced annually for fertilizers, detergents, and agents for water treatment. Phosphoric acid can be prepared by heating the mineral fluoroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) with sulphuric acid in the presence of water.Ca5(PO4)3F + 5H2SO4 + 10H2O → 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4.2H2O + HFIf every kilogram of fluoroapatite yields 374 g of phosphoric acid, what is the percent yield?arrow_forwardC6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O How many grams of glucose are burned to produce the 6 moles of carbon dioxide and water?arrow_forwardCombustion of hydrocarbons such as decane ( C 10 H 22 ) produces carbon dioxide, a "greenhouse gas." Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere can trap the Sun's heat, raising the average temperature of the Earth. For this reason there has been a great deal of international discussion about whether to regulate the production of carbon dioxide. A. Write a balanced chemical equation, including physical state symbols, for the combustion of liquid decane into gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water. B. Suppose 0.270 kg of decane are burned in air at a pressure of exactly 1 atm and a temperature of 10.0 °C . Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas that is produced. Be sure your answer has 3 significant digits.arrow_forward
- A chemical plant uses electrical energy to decompose aqueoussolutions of NaCl to give Cl2, H2, and NaOH:2 NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O(l)------>2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g)If the plant produces 1.5 106 kg (1500 metric tons) of Cl2daily, estimate the quantities of H2 and NaOH produced.arrow_forwardThe compound 2,3−dimercaptopropanol (HSCH2CHSHCH2OH), commonly known as British anti-Lewisite (BAL), was developed during World War I as an antidote to arsenic-containing poison gas. (a) If each BAL molecule binds one arsenic (As) atom, how many As atoms can be removed by 3.6 g of BAL? Enter your answer in scientific notation. (b) BAL can also be used to remove poisonous heavy metals like mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). If each BAL binds one Hg atom, calculate the mass percent of Hg in a BAL-Hg complex. (An H atom is removed when a BAL molecule binds an Hg atom.)mass %arrow_forwardTurquoise, CuAl 6 ( P O 4 ) 4 ( OH) 8·5 H 2 O(s), is oneof the most valuable non-transparent gemstones. It ismade from a hydrate of copper aluminum phosphate.What percent by mass is the anhydrous form of themineral?arrow_forward
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