Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 23CT
Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis usually grow harmlessly, they can cause disease. Because these bacteria use the Entner-Doudoroff pathway instead of glycolysis to catabolize glucose, investigators can use clinical tests that provide evidence of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to identify the presence of these potential pathogens.
Suppose you were able to identify the presence of any specific organic compound. Name a substrate molecule you would find in Pseudomonas and Enterococcus cells but not in human cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Mercuric ion and methanol are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain.
In Bacillus subtilis, threonine is metabolized by the following sequence of reactions: (a) oxidation; (b) decarboxylation;(c) transamination; and (d) oxidation to produce pyruvate. Outline this sequence of steps, show the structures of thesubstances, use abbreviations for the cofactors, and show any enzyme-bound coenzymes.
What type of enzyme bound intermediate is likely for reaction (d)?
Since cells of Halobacterium require high levels of Na+ for growth,why is this not true for the organism’s cytoplasmic enzymes?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Why do electrons carried by NADH allow for...Ch. 5 - Why does catabolism of amino acids for energy...Ch. 5 - An uninformed student describes the Calvin-Benson...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Why is feedback inhibition necessary for...Ch. 5 - Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones a....Ch. 5 - Includes dehydration synthesis reactions a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 5 - Involves the production of cell membrane...Ch. 5 - Includes hydrolytic reactions a. anabolism only b....Ch. 5 - Includes metabolism a. anabolism only b. both...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - A reduced molecule _________. a. has gained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Coenzymes are ________. a. types of apoenzymes b....Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 5 - Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 5 - Reactions involved in the light-independent...Ch. 5 - The glycolysis pathway is basically __________. a....Ch. 5 - A major difference between anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - 1. _______ Occurs when energy from a compound...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 1. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 2. Two ATP molecules are used...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 3. The initial catabolism of...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 4. ________ is a cyclic series...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 5. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Three common inorganic...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Complete the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 10 The main coenzymes that...Ch. 5 - VISUALIZE IT! 1 Label the mitochondrion to...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Why we enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to...Ch. 5 - How do organisms control the rate of metabolic...Ch. 5 - How does a nor-competitive inhibitor at a single...Ch. 5 - Explain the mechanism of negative feedback with...Ch. 5 - Facultative anaerobes can live under either...Ch. 5 - How does oxidation of a molecule occur without...Ch. 5 - List at least four groups of microorganisms that...Ch. 5 - Why do we breathe oxygen and give of carbon...Ch. 5 - Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon...Ch. 5 - What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar...Ch. 5 - How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to...Ch. 5 - Where specifically does the most significant...Ch. 5 - Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for...Ch. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Why might an organism that uses glycolysis and the...Ch. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Two cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown...Ch. 5 - What is the maximum number of molecules of ATP...Ch. 5 - In terms of its effects on human metabolism, why...Ch. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Members of the pathogenic bacterial genus...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - A young student was troubled by the idea that a...Ch. 5 - If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a...Ch. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2...Ch. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.18b illustrates events in aerobic...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could insert a tiny pH probe into the...Ch. 5 - Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...Ch. 5 - Photosynthetic organisms are rarely pathogenic....Ch. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What are the possivble oxidation product of catalase using H2O2 as the substrate? Explain in 1-3 sentencesarrow_forwardWhy is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) an important step in glycolysis? How is the isomerization of F6P back into G6P prevented?arrow_forwardAll of the following products of biosynthesis are nitrogen-rich tetrapyrrole structures that can be synthesized from Krebs cycle intermediates (in some plants, animals, or bacteria), with the exception of: triglyceride molecules chlorophyll b molecules vitamin B12 molecules chlorophyll a molecules heme molecules Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a six-carbon substrate molecule, producing a five-carbon product molecule along with NADH, and one molecule of CO2. succinyl CoA synthetase a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase citrate synthasearrow_forward
- This is a depiction of the connection between the urea cycle, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the citric acid cycle. In this depiction, blank boxes with numbers are hiding the name of a metabolite. Using the list below the pathway name the missing metabolites. Hint: Start by identifying #1, #6, and #7 and work from there.arrow_forwardlabel all the carbon atoms in glutamine (1-5) and nitrogen (1-2) and show how the molecule is metabolized, which enzymes and cofactors are needed to do so and what metabolic pathway do their products lead into?arrow_forwardBacterial aldolase does not form a Schiff base with the substrate. Instead, it has a divalent Zn2+ ion in the active site. How does the ion facilitate the aldolase reaction?arrow_forward
- The protein catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide:2 H2O2 (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)and has a Michaelis-Menten constant of 25 × 10-3 mol·dm-3 and a turnover number of 4.0×107s-1.The total enzyme concentration is 0.016×10-6 mol·dm-3 and the initial substrate concentration is4.32×10-6 mol·dm-3 Calculate the maximum reaction rate (????) for this enzyme, and the initial rateof this reaction. Note that catalase has a single active site.arrow_forwardAll coenzymes are cofactors, but not all cofactors are coenzymes. Explain this statement briefly.arrow_forwardWhich of the following events does not occur during Krebs Cycle? Citrate synthase catalyzers the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to oxaloacetate to form citrate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase converts citrate to its isomer isocitrate. A carbon dioxide is released when alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl coenzyme A. The energy released from the conversion of succinyl coenzyme A to succinate is used to transfer a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. During Krebs Cycle, succinate is oxidized to fumarate which is coupled to the reduction of FAD to FADH2. During electron transport, the electrons from FADH2 are transferred to coenzyme Q. Which of the following catalyzes these reactions? NADH dehydrogenase Succinate dehydrogenase FADH2 hydrogenase NADH hydrogenase reductasearrow_forward
- For a lot of enzymes that work on fatty acids, the rate determining step is the release of the product from the active site. This means that the activation energy for product release is much higher than the free energy of catalysis. What enthalpic or entropic contributions would make the activation energy for product release so high and explain?arrow_forwardWe have encountered reactions similar to the oxidation, hydration, and oxidation reactions of fatty acid degradation earlier in our study of biochemistry. What other pathway employs this set of reactions?arrow_forwardWhat does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Enzyme Kinetics; Author: MIT OpenCourseWare;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXWZr3mscUo;License: Standard Youtube License