Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 30E
With what type of
A. A star with a temperature of 5800 K?
B. A gas heated to a temperature of one million K?
C. A person on a dark night?
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Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 10^26 Watt. Her energy is responsible for many
processes and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.
(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.
(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 10^6
J/litre) is this equivalent?
(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.
(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?
Note: The Earth’s radius is 6370 km; the Sun’s radius is 696 x 10^3 km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 10^8 km.
I need the complete detailed steps for C and D
Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for manyprocesses and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.
=6 x 10^22(b) To how many liters of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106J/liter) is this equivalent? =1.6 x 10^15(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?Note: The Earth’s radius is 6370 km; the Sun’s radius is 696 x 103 km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 108 km
Solar scientists want to measure the temperature inside the sun by sending in probes. Imagine that temperature increases by 1 million◦C for every 10,000 km below the surface. A probe that can handle a temperature of x million degrees costs x³ million dollars. a. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 10,000 km down? b. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 100,000 km down? c. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 200,000 km down?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 5 - What distinguishes one type of electromagnetic...Ch. 5 - What is a wave? Use the terms wavelength and...Ch. 5 - Is your textbook the kind of idealized object...Ch. 5 - Where in an atom would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - Explain how emission lines and absorption lines...Ch. 5 - Explain how the Doppler effect works for sound...Ch. 5 - What kind of motion for a star does not produce a...Ch. 5 - Describe how Bohr’s model used the work of...Ch. 5 - Explain why light is referred to as...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between radiation as it is...
Ch. 5 - What are the differences between light waves and...Ch. 5 - Which type of wave has a longer wavelength: AM...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers long ago believed that...Ch. 5 - Explain what the ionosphere is and how it...Ch. 5 - Which is more dangerous to living things, gamma...Ch. 5 - Explain why we have to observe stars and other...Ch. 5 - Explain why hotter objects tend to radiate more...Ch. 5 - Explain how we can deduce the temperature of a...Ch. 5 - Explain what dispersion is and how astronomers use...Ch. 5 - Explain why glass prisms disperse light.Ch. 5 - Explain what Joseph Fraunhofer discovered about...Ch. 5 - Explain how we use spectral absorption and...Ch. 5 - Explain the results of Rutherford’s gold foil...Ch. 5 - Is it possible for two different atoms of carbon...Ch. 5 - What are the three isotopes of hydrogen, and how...Ch. 5 - Explain how electrons use light energy to move...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers use the term “blueshifted”...Ch. 5 - If spectral line wavelengths are changing for...Ch. 5 - Make a list of some of the many practical...Ch. 5 - With what type of electromagnetic radiation would...Ch. 5 - Why is it dangerous to be exposed to X-rays but...Ch. 5 - Go outside on a clear night, wait 15 minutes for...Ch. 5 - Water faucets are often labeled with a red dot for...Ch. 5 - Suppose you are standing at the exact center of a...Ch. 5 - How could you measure Earth’s orbital speed by...Ch. 5 - Astronomers want to make maps of the sky showing...Ch. 5 - The greenhouse effect can be explained easily if...Ch. 5 - An idealized radiating object does not reflect or...Ch. 5 - Why are ionized gases typically only found in very...Ch. 5 - Explain why each element has a unique spectrum of...Ch. 5 - What is the wavelength of the carrier wave of a...Ch. 5 - What is the frequency of a red laser beam, with a...Ch. 5 - You go to a dance club to forget how hard your...Ch. 5 - What is the energy of the photon with the...Ch. 5 - If the emitted infrared radiation from Pluto, has...Ch. 5 - What is the temperature of a star whose maximum...
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- What are the different models of light ?explainarrow_forwardThe greenhouse effect can be explained easily if you understand the laws of blackbody radiation. A greenhouse gas blocks the transmission of infrared light. Given that the incoming light to Earth is sunlight with a characteristic temperature of 5800 K (which peaks in the visible part of the spectrum) and the outgoing light from Earth has a characteristic temperature of about 300 K (which peaks in the infrared part of the spectrum), explain how greenhouse gases cause Earth to warm up. As part of your answer, discuss that greenhouse gases block both incoming and outgoing infrared light. Explain why these two effects don’t simply cancel each other, leading to no net temperature change.arrow_forwardHow far does light travel in 1 year? [This distance, known as a light-year (ly), is used in measuring astronomical distances (Ch. 18.1).]arrow_forward
- Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for manyprocesses and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106J/litre) is this equivalent?(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?arrow_forwardq4- The surface temperature of Sun is about 6000 K. If we consider the Sun as a black body, what is the radiation power per unit of area?(Given the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.678x10^-8W/K^4arrow_forward1Which of the following best describes a frame of reference? an experiment that proved that Earth did not have an aether wind the theory that describes the behavior and characteristics of objects moving at relativistic speeds the effect of the slowing of time as an object moves with high speeds a point in which someone relates the behavior of an object from one perspective 2If an electron moves from n = 5 to n = 1, what wavelength of light is emitted? (h = 6.626 x 10-34, 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J) 4008 nm 434 nm 95 nm 1281 nm 3Which of the following best describes a frame of reference? an experiment that proved that Earth did not have an aether wind the theory that describes the behavior and characteristics of objects moving at relativistic speeds the effect of the slowing of time as an object moves with high speeds a point in which someone relates the behavior of an object from…arrow_forward
- (a) The distance to a star is approximately 7.80 1018 m. If this star were to burn out today, in how many years would we see it disappear? years (b) How long does it take for sunlight to reach Saturn?arrow_forward18. A star has its surface temperature of around 10000 K. Find the wavelength of the most intense electromagnetic radiation the star emits.arrow_forwardHow far does light travel in one year? [This distance is known as a light-year (ly) and is used in measuring astronomical distances.] I think the answer might have to be in scientific notationn formarrow_forward
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