FUND. GEN. ORG&BIO CHEM PKG
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323447345
Author: McMurry
Publisher: PEARSON C
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.72CP
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The oxidation number for the elements
Concept introduction:
In a balanced equation the number of atoms of each element as a reactant is equal to the number of atoms of that element as a product.
Change in the oxidation number of atoms involved in the reaction is one of the special characteristic of reduction reaction.
The number of electrons an atom tends to give up or gain in a
Oxidation: Losing electrons, increasing oxidation number.
Reduction: Gaining electron, decreasing oxidation number.
Oxidizing agent is a substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a chemical reaction and so it is reduced by taking electron onto itself and the reactant is oxidized by having its electron taken away.
Reducing agent is the element or compound in a
- Rules for assigning oxidation number
-
- 1. The oxidation number of the atom of an uncombined element is zero.
- 2. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound must equal to the total charge on the species.
- 3. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 unless it is combined with metals, in which case it has an oxidation number of -1.
- 4. Oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1 and in
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The oxidizing and reducing agents in the given reaction should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Change in the oxidation number of atoms involved in the reaction is one of the special characteristic of reduction reaction.
The number of electrons an atom tends to give up or gain in a chemical reaction is called oxidation number.
Oxidation: Losing electrons, increasing oxidation number.
Reduction: Gaining electron, decreasing oxidation number.
Oxidizing agent is a substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a chemical reaction and so it is reduced by taking electron onto itself and the reactant is oxidized by having its electron taken away.
Reducing agent is the element or compound in a redox reaction that donate an electron to another species and so it is oxidized.
- Rules for assigning oxidation number
-
- 1. The oxidation number of the atom of an uncombined element is zero.
- 2. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound must equal to the total charge on the species.
- 3. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 unless it is combined with metals, in which case it has an oxidation number of -1.
- 4. Oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1 and in
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The main constituents in vinegar are water and ethanoic acid (CH3COOH). In order to determine the concentration of acid in homemade vinegar, a student titrated 25 cm3 of 001 M NaOH against the vinegar. The equation for the reaction is:
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) ® CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
The following titration results were obtained:
Burette readings (cm3)
Rough
1
2
Final burette reading
20.10
38.90
31.40
Initial burette reading
0.10
20.00
12.50
Volume of vinegar used
20.00
18.90
18.90
(a) What volume of vinegar should be used in the calculation?
(b) What is the mole ratio of NaOH:CH3COOH? (c) Calculate the number of moles of alkali in 25 cm3 of NaOH solution used.
(d) How many moles of acid were used in the titration?
(e) Calculate the…
Potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing masks to generate oxygen according to the reaction below. If the mask contains 0.250 mol KO2 and 0.200 mol water, what is the limiting reagent? How many moles of excess reactant will there be once the reaction is complete?
4 KO2(s) + 2 H2O(ℓ) → 4 KOH(s) + 3 O2(g)
In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium bromide, there are two possible anodic reactions: *2H2O(l) ——-> 02(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e–, E° = 1.23V2Br–(aq) ——–> Br2(g) + 2e-2, E° = 1.08 VWhich reaction occurs at anode and why?
Chapter 5 Solutions
FUND. GEN. ORG&BIO CHEM PKG
Ch. 5.2 - Ozone (O3) is formed in the earths upper...Ch. 5.2 - Balance the following equations:...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.3KCPCh. 5.3 - Many kidney stones are formed by precipitation of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5.2CIAPCh. 5.3 - Predict the solubility of the following compounds:...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5.4 - Write and balance equations for the following...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.8P
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.3CIAPCh. 5.6 - The redox reaction that provides energy for the...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 5.10PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5.6 - For each of the reactions you identified as redox...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5.7 - Identify each of the tractions in Problem 5.13 as...Ch. 5.7 - For each traction in Problem 5.13 that you...Ch. 5 - Assume that the mixture of substances in drawing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17UKCCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18UKCCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19UKCCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20UKCCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22APCh. 5 - Why is it not possible to balance an equation by...Ch. 5 - Write balanced equations for the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.25APCh. 5 - Which of the following equations are balanced?...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27APCh. 5 - Balance the following equations:...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29APCh. 5 - When organic compounds are burned, they react with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.31APCh. 5 - Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used to etch glass...Ch. 5 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 5 - Identify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 5 - Write balanced ionic equations and net ionic...Ch. 5 - Write balanced ionic equations and net ionic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38APCh. 5 - Which of the following substances are likely to be...Ch. 5 - Which of the following substances are likely to be...Ch. 5 - Use the solubility guidelines in Section 5.3 to...Ch. 5 - Use the solubility guidelines in Section 5.3 to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.43APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46APCh. 5 - Where in the periodic table are the best reducing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.48APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.49APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.50APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.51APCh. 5 - Assign an oxidation number to the metal in the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53APCh. 5 - Which element is oxidized and which is reduced in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57APCh. 5 - Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.59CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.60CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.66CPCh. 5 - Hard water contains magnesium and calcium ions...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.68CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70CPCh. 5 - Geologists identify carbonate minerals by reaction...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.72CPCh. 5 - High temperature combustion processes, such as in...Ch. 5 - Milk of magnesia is an over-the-counter product...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.75GP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- I Write a balanced equation for each of the following two reactions that you will use in this activity. In the boxes provided, draw a diagram showing this reaction at the molecular level. Be sure that the drawing shows conservation of mass (see Figure 1.7A and B). a Calcium chloride reacting with sodium phosphate (double replacement) CaCl2 (aq) + NazPO4 (aq) → (_) + Reactants Products b Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid (single replacement) Zn (s) + HCI (aq) → (_) + Reactants Productsarrow_forwardThe decomposition of various substituted benzyl azoxyarenesulfonates in trifluoroethanol was studied. The overall reaction is shown below F3C OH CF3 HO,S + N20 The decomposition of various substituted benzyl azoxyarenesulfonates in trifluoroethanol was studied. The overall reaction is shown below F,C OH HO,S + N,0 Y kobs (S ') 3-CI CH3 3.1 x 10-7 4-CI CH3 2.3 х 10-6 3-CH3 4-CH3 4-OCH3 CH3 CHs 4.7х 10-6 CH3 7.6х 10-6 CH3 6.0 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-3 4-CH OCH3 4.24 x 10-5 4-CH3 4-CH3 4-CH3 CH3 Br 6.0 x 10-5 1.91 x 10-4 CN 4.65 x 10-4 a. Using the data provided, prepare Hammett plots to quantify the effects of the substituents X and Y on the reaction's rate. Attach them to your problem set. b. Based on your Hammett analysis, propose a complete, curved-arrow mechanism for this reaction. Use a sentence or two to explain how your Hammett analyses support your proposed mechanism.arrow_forwardExamine the chemical reaction for the hydration of the salt calcium chloride, shown below: CaCl2(s)+H2O→Ca2++2Cl–CaCl2(s)+H2O→Ca2++2Cl–arrow_forward
- For the following reaction, 4.91 grams of water are mixed with excess chlorine gas. The reaction yields 12.5 grams of hydrochloric acid.chlorine (g) + water (l) hydrochloric acid (aq) + chloric acid (HClO3) (aq) What is the theoretical yield of hydrochloric acid ? grams What is the percent yield of hydrochloric acid ? %arrow_forwardPropose a mechanism for the following reaction:arrow_forwardDehalogenase enzymes catalyze the clevage of C-X bonds. One such dehalogenase catalyzes the following reaction. An active site aspartate is thought to carry out the initial nucleophilic attack that expels the chloride. Select the most likely intermediate in the reaction. (Note the stereochemistry. Refer to P11.19 in the textbook if needed.) O O A C D OE -CH₂ H H₂C™ CO₂ H B CO₂ CI N H₂O Cr CO₂ H CO₂ нотум CH3 D CO₂ five N E CH₂arrow_forward
- A monoprotic weak acid, HA, dissociates in water according to the reaction HA(aq) = H+ (aq) + A¯(aq) The equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products are [HA] = 0.220 M, [H+] = 3.00 × 10−4 M, and [A¯] = 3.00 × 10−4 M. Calculate the value of pKa for the acid HA. pKa =arrow_forwardShow how the Michaelis-Menten Equation was derived from this reaction. k1 k2 E + S = e ES E + Parrow_forwardQuinine ( C20 H24 N2 O2) is the most important alkaloid derived from cinchona bark. It is used as an antimalarial drug. For quinine, pK, = 5.1 and pK, = 9.7 ( pKp = – log Kp). Only 1 g quinine will dissolve in 1920.0 mL of solution. Calculate the pH of a saturated aqueous solution of quinine. Consider only the reaction | Q+ H2O= QH+ + OH- described by pK, where Q = quinine. pH =arrow_forward
- A 0.578-g saltwater sample was titrated with 1.864 g AgNO3 solution to reach the endpoint of the reaction. Calculate the following by showing all necessary solutions: 1. mol AGNO3 if the AGNO3 solution was prepared by dissolving 5.0 g of AgNO3 in distilled water until 100 ml is reached. (MW AgNO3 = 169.87 g/mol) 2. % Cl in the saltwater sample (MM CI = 35.45 g Cl /mol CI" )arrow_forwardConsider the reaction A + 2B ----> C. If the molar mass of C is twice the molar mass of A, what mass of C is produced by the complete reaction of 10.0 g A?(a) 10.0 g(b) 30.0 g(c) 60.0 garrow_forwardSelect the aldol condensation product of the following reaction. a A b B с C d D e E A H HO H NaOH, EtOH heat H H B D Earrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
