Chapter 5, Problem 5BE

a.

To determine

Compute the amount of ending inventory that Company S would report on the balance sheet under the following methods:

1. 1. FIFO
2. 2. LIFO
3. 3. Weighted average.

Answer to Problem 5BE

1. 1. Compute the amount of ending inventory that Company S would report on the balance sheet under FIFO as follows:

FIFO	Units	Unit Cost	Total
Ending Inventory
September 19	70	$22	$1,540
Total Ending Inventory	70 Table (4)		$1,540

Table (1)

1. 2. Compute the amount of ending inventory that Company S would report on the balance sheet under LIFO as follows:

LIFO	Units	Unit Cost	Total
Ending Inventory
January 20	70	$15	$1,050
Total Ending Inventory	70 Table (4)		$1,050

Table (2)

1. 3. Compute the amount of ending inventory that Company S would report on the balance sheet under weighted average as follows:

Weighted	Units	Unit Cost	Total
Ending Inventory	70 Table (4)	$18 (1)	$1,260

Table (3)

Explanation of Solution

First-in-First-Out:

In First-in-First-Out method, the costs of the initially purchased items are considered as cost of goods sold, for the items that are sold first. The value of the ending inventory consists of the recent purchased items.

Last-in-Last-Out:

In Last-in-First-Out method, the costs of last purchased items are considered as the cost of goods sold, for the items that are sold first. The value of the closing stock consists of the initial purchased items.

Weighted-average cost method:

Under Weighted average cost method, the company calculates a new average cost after every purchase is made. It is determined by dividing the cost of goods available for sale by the units on hand.

Ending Inventory: It represents the quantity and price of the goods unsold and laying at the store at the end of a particular period.

Working notes:

Calculate total purchase:

Particular	Unit	Unit cost	Total cost
Purchases:
January 20	80	$15	$1,200
April 21	420	16	6,720
July 25	250	20	5,000
September 19	150	22	3,300
Goods Available for Sale	900		$16,220
Less: Cost of goods sold	830	40	33,200
Ending inventory	70

Table (4)

Determine average unit cost:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Average Unit cost}=\frac{\text{Goods avaivable for sale}}{\text{Total Units}}\\ =\frac{\text{\$16,220 Table}\left(4\right)}{900}\\ =\text{\$18}\end{array}$ (1)

b.

To determine

Record the transaction in the books of journal and post them into T accounts under the following methods:

1. 1.  FIFO
2. 2. LIFO
3. 3. Weighted average.

Explanation of Solution

Journal:

Journal is the method of recording monetary business transactions in chronological order. It records the debit and credit aspects of each transaction to abide by the double-entry system of Accounting.

Rules of Debit and Credit:

Following rules are followed for debiting and crediting different accounts while they occur in business transactions:

Debit, all increase in assets, expenses and dividends, all decrease in liabilities, revenues and stockholders’ equities.

Credit, all increase in liabilities, revenues, and stockholders’ equities, all decrease in assets, expenses.

Ledger:

Ledger is the book, where the debit and credit entries recorded in the journal book are transferred to their relevant accounts. The entire accounts of the company are collectively called the ledger.

Record the transaction in the books of journal as follows:

General Journal of Company S
Date	Account Title and Explanation	Post	Debit	Credit
		Ref.	($)	($)
January 20	Merchandise Inventory		1,200
	Cash			1,200
	(To record the purchase of inventory)
April 21	Merchandise Inventory		6,720
	Cash			6,720
	(To record the purchase of inventory)
July 25	Merchandise Inventory		5,000
	Cash			5,000
	(To record the purchase of inventory)
September 19	Merchandise Inventory		3,300
	Cash			3,300
	(To record the purchase of inventory)

Table (5)

1. 1. Record the transaction of Sales and Cost of Goods Sold under FIFO as follows:

General Journal of Company S
Date	Account Title and Explanation	Post	Debit	Credit
		Ref.	($)	($)
2016	Cash Table (4)		33,200
	Sales Revenue			33,200
	(To record the sales revenue)
2016	Cost of Goods Sold Table (9)		14,680
	Merchandise Inventory			14,680
	(To record the cost of goods sold)

Table (6)

• Post the transactions into T accounts under FIFO as follows:

Cash
2016	33,200	20-Jan	1,200
		21-Apr	6,720
		25-Jul	5,000
		19-Sep	3,300
Bal.	16,980

Sales revenue
		2016	33,200
		Bal.	33,200

Merchandise Inventory
20-Jan	1,200
21-Apr	6,720
25-Jul	5,000
19-Sep	3,300	2016	14,680
Bal.	1,540

Cost of goods sold
2016	14,680
Bal.	14,680

1. 2. Record the transaction of Sales and Cost of Goods Sold under LIFO:

General Journal of Company S
Date	Account Title and Explanation	Post	Debit	Credit
		Ref.	($)	($)
2016	Cash		33,200
	Sales Revenue			33,200
	(To record the sales revenue)
2016	Cost of Goods Sold Table (9)		15,170
	Merchandise Inventory			15,170
	(To record the cost of goods sold)

Table (7)

• Post the transactions into T accounts under LIFO as follows:

Cash
2016	33,200	20-Jan	1,200
		21-Apr	6,720
		25-Jul	5,000
		19-Sep	3,300
Bal.	16,980

Sales revenue
		2016	33,200
		Bal.	33,200

Merchandise Inventory
20-Jan	1,200
21-Apr	6,720
25-Jul	5,000
19-Sep	3,300	2016	15,170
Bal.	1,050

Cost of goods sold
2016	15,170
Bal.	15,170

1. 3. Record the transaction of Sales and Cost of Goods Sold under Weighted Average:

General Journal of Company S
Date	Account Title and Explanation	Post	Debit	Credit
		Ref.	($)	($)
2016	Cash		33,200
	Sales Revenue			33,200
	(To record the sales revenue)
2016	Cost of Goods Sold Table (9)		14,960
	Merchandise Inventory			14,960
	(To record the cost of goods sold)

Table (8)

• Post the transactions into T accounts under weighted average as follows:

Cash
2016	33,200	20-Jan	1,200
		21-Apr	6,720
		25-Jul	5,000
		19-Sep	3,300
Bal.	16,980

Sales revenue
		2016	33,200
		Bal.	33,200

Merchandise Inventory
20-Jan	1,200
21-Apr	6,720
25-Jul	5,000
19-Sep	3,300	2016	14,960
Bal.	1,260

Cost of goods sold
2016	14,960
Bal.	14,960

Working note:

Calculate Cost of goods sold:

Particulars	FIFO	LIFO	Weighted Average
Goods Available for Sale	$16,220	$16,220	$16,220
Less: Ending inventory	1,540	1,050	1,260
Cost of goods sold	14,680	15,170	14,960

Table (9)

c.

To determine

Compute the difference in gross margin between FIFO and LIFO cost flow assumptions.

Answer to Problem 5BE

The difference in gross margin between FIFO and LIFO cost flow assumptions is $490$\left(\$18,520-\$18,030\right)$.

Explanation of Solution

Working note:

Compute the amount of gross margin under FIFO as follows:

Particulars	$
Sales	$33,200
Cost of Goods Sold Table (9)	14,680
Gross Margin	$18,520

Table (10)

Compute the amount of gross margin under LIFO as follows:

Particulars	$
Sales	$33,200
Cost of Goods Sold Table (9)	15,170
Gross Margin	$18,030

Table (11)