Introduction:
The movement of molecules across cell membranes occurs either by diffusion with the fluid phospholipid bilayer, or with the help of transport proteins. The diffusion of molecules occurs with respect to the concentration gradient, that is., from higher to lower concentration. And the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the temperature.
The plasma membranes are selectively permeable as the proteins mosaic only lets some selective molecules to pass through it. This selective permeability occurs in two ways-
(1) Passive transport: In this type of transport, the movement of molecules across the membranes occurs by diffusion along the concentration gradient. It includes osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and simple diffusion.
(2) Energy-requiring transport: In this type of transport, the movement of molecules across the cell membranes, against the concentration gradient, is facilitated by the expense of energy by the cell. It includes exocytosis, endocytosis, and active transport.
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