Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 5, Problem 8RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The change in the contents of compartment B when sucrose is added to compartment A.
Introduction: A solution is made up of both “solute and solvent”. The solute is usually a solid and solvent is usually a liquid. When the concentration of solute and solvent is equal in and out of the cell, it is said to be in an equilibrium condition. If the concentration of both solute and solvent is unequal like in hypo or hypertonic solutions, a cell will always equalize the concentration of both solute and solvent inside and outside the cell membrane by osmosis.
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A phospholipid bilayer with equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids displays a specific permeability to glucose. What effect will increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the bilayer have on the membrane's permeability to glucose?
DO NOT COPY THE ANSWER FROM THE SAME QUESTION.
Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions:a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell.b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell.c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell.
Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.
Describe ONE modification that could happen to the phospholipids in a membrane that would increase the permeability of the membrane to small non-polar molecules such as oxygen gas. Explain why this modification would increase membrane permeability.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - What is likely to have happened If, instead of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.3 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.3 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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- "Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane", is true or false.arrow_forwardThe intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?arrow_forwardDraw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.arrow_forward
- Carbohydrates are attached to plasma membrane proteins in the ER (see Figure 7.9). On which side of the vesicle membrane are the carbohydrates during transport to the cell surface?arrow_forwardIn 2-3 sentences, summarize the spatial distribution of different types of structural lipids within cells. Of the types discussed in class, which are predominantly found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, and which are more likely to be found on the interior of the cell? In your explanation, suggest a reason for this distribution.arrow_forwardAmmonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction: NH3 + H+ → NH+4 NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.arrow_forward
- Proteins are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as mitochondria/chloroplasts. There is also a transport that goes via vesicles. Describe these three different transport systems and explain how the cell knows which protein will end up in the organal.arrow_forwardProteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lipids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma-membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell-surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forwardIn the "fluid " _______ cell membrane model, lipids are organized in a ________ arrangement, such that _______ portions of the lipids are exposed to either the interior or exterior of the cell, while the lipid portions are sandwiched in the middle of the membrane. As part of the cell membrane, a main function of peripheral proteins is to provide _________ , while a main function of proteins is to provide _________ . Other cell membrane molecules include a compound called __________, which functions to provide fluidity to rigid membranes and rigidity to fluid membranes; and surface carbohydrates, which function in the membrane not to provide energy, but instead to provide _________ _____ . Aminophospholipids (including PE and ) move to the inner leaflet of the membrane, by an enzyme known as the ._______ A main function of the cell membrane is to be very selective as to what is able to cross through, a condition known as a barrier.arrow_forward
- Distinguish molecules that can diffuse through a lipid bilayer from those that must be transported. Describe the transport of small molecules by carrier proteins, and contrast ion channels and pores. Explain how ion gradients can drive active transport across membranes.arrow_forwardWhile endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…arrow_forwardAssume a molecule must cross the plasma membrane into a cell. The molecule is very large. How will it be transported into the cell?arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license