CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135191811
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5.1, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition of a native grass found in very warm soil around hot springs compare with that of a native grass found in cooler soil? Explain.
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. DRAW IT An artificial “cell” consisting of an aqueous solutionenclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed ina beaker containing a different solution, the “environment,”as shown in the accompanying diagram. The membrane ispermeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructosebut impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.(a) Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutesinto and/or out of the cell.(b) Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, orhypertonic?(c) Draw a dashed arrow to show the net osmosis, if any.
(d) Will the artificial cell becomemore flaccid,more turgid,or stay the same?(e) Eventually, willthe two solutionshave the same ordifferent soluteconcentrations?
In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do
you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to
the intracellular fluid?
Intracellular fluid:
• Number of water molecules = 60
• Number of Dextrose molecules = 6
• Number of Sucrose molecules = 3
Extracellular fluid:
Number of water molecules = 120
• Number of dextrose molecule = ????
• Number of Sucrose molecules = 0
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Enter the number of molecules of dextrose in your answer (format: for 7 enter 7 or
7.00, for 7.5 enter 7.5 or 7.50, for 7.3333 enter 7.33 etc...).
Your Answer:
In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do
you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to
the intracellular fluid?
Pracice 7
Intracellular fluid:
• Number of water molecules = 60
Number of Dextrose molecules = 8
• Number of Sucrose molecules = 2
Extracellular fluid:
• Number of water molecules = 160
• Number of dextrose molecule = ????
• Number of Sucrose molecules = 0
Enter the number of molecules of dextrose in your answer (format: for 7 enter 7 or
7.00, for 7.5 enter 7.5 or 7.50, for 7.3333 enter 7.33 etc...).
Your Answer:
Answer
Chapter 5 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- In each problem below draw an arrow showing which way water will move/flow. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic? A A A B B в Concentration of sugar А 60% В 20% Concentration of sugar Concentration of sugar A 45% В 45% A 45% В 70% Solution is Solution is Solution is A A A B B B Concentration of sugar A 12% Concentration of sugar A 12% В 15% Concentration of sugar A 16% В 60% B 10% Solution is Solution is Solution is A A A B Concentration of sugar Concentration of sugar Concentration of sugar A 19% A 44% В 41% A 55% B 41% B 25% Solution is Solution is Solution isarrow_forwardFatty acids are the building blocks and precursors membrane lipids. You are studying the impacts of temperature change on the composition of cell membranes from the nematode worm C. elegans. C.elegans is usually grown át 20°C but can tolerate being grown at 13°C and 27°C. The structure of the four fatty acid tails of membrane lipids are shown in the table below. The membrane composition changes with respect to the three tested temperatures Condition Condition Condition A C Fatty Acids in the membranes of C. elegons cells CH 23% 35% 35% COOH CH, 27% 45% 30% COOH 18% COOH 5% 10% 32% 15% 25% COOH Using the data from the table, which condition is most likely representing growth conditions at 13°C ? O Condition B O Condition C O Condition Aarrow_forwardFatty acids are the building blocks and precursors membrane lipids. You are studying the impacts of temperature change on the composition of cell membranes from the nematode worm C. elegans. C.elegans is usually grown at 20°C but can tolerate being grown at 13°C and 27°C. The structure of the four fatty acid tails of membrane lipids are shown in the table below. The membrane composition changes with respect to the three tested temperatures Condition Condition Condition B C Fatty Acids in the membranes of C. elegans cells 23% 35% 35% COOH 27% 45% 30% COOH 18% 5% 10% COOH 32% 15% 25% COOH Using the data from the table, which condition is most likely representing growth conditions at 27°C ? O Condition A Condition B Condition Carrow_forward
- Consider a plant cell. The value for solute concentration in a plant cell is -0.12 MPa and the turgor pressure is 0.12 MPa. 1- What is the water potential in this plant cell? 2- If this plant cell were placed in a solution with water potential of -0.1 MPa, what would happen to the cell? (Hint: explain where the water goes and what that does to the cell).arrow_forwardIn the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Intracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 60 • Number of Dextrose molecules = 8 • Number of Sucrose molecules = 4 Extracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 160 • Number of dextrose molecule = ???? • Number of Sucrose molecules = 0 Enter the number of molecules of dextrose in your answer (format: for 7 enter 7 or 7.00, for 7.5 enter 7.5 or 7.50, for 7.3333 enter 7.33 etc.). Your Answer:arrow_forwardIn the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Intracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 60 • Number of Dextrose molecules = 7 • Number of Sucrose molecules = 3 ● Extracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 160 • Number of dextrose molecule = ???? • Number of Sucrose molecules = 0arrow_forward
- Explain the impact of unsaturated fatty acid tails, cholesterol, and temperature on membrane fluidity. Model 1 – Phospholipids 5. Refer to Model 1. a.What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b.Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. c. Why might Arctic fish have a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids?arrow_forwardPotato lab osmosis - If you observed a negative percent change in mass for a potato core placed in a sucrose solution, is the sucrose solution isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to the internal molarity of the potato?arrow_forwardSelect all that apply. This is an image of a plasma membrane, which consists of two layers of phospholipids. The red bubbles are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids, facing the cell interior and exterior. The yellow strings facing inside of the plasma membrane are the fatty acid tails. Which of the following bonds/interactions do you think could regulate the assembly of the plasma membrane and the adhesion or fatty acid tails to each other? Select all that apply. hydrogen bonds covalent bonds electrostatic forces van der Waals forces hydrophobic force ionic bonds O O 0 0 O 0arrow_forward
- Consider a negatively charged protein adsorbed on anion-exchange gel at pH 8. (a) How will a gradient from pH 8 to some lower pH be useful for eluting the protein? (b) How would a gradient of increasing NaCl concentration (at constant pH) be useful for eluting the protein?arrow_forwardThe activity of a pore-forming membrane protein, PorinA1, was tested in different lipid bilayers at 60 °C. Each bilayer is composed of a single type of phosphoglyceride. The four different phosphoglycerides used are shown in the table below together with the corresponding average hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer formed: Phosphoglyceride Bilayer hydrophobic thickness ( A) Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) 30.7 Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) 34.2 Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) 38.1 Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) 42.2 PorinA1 is found to have the greatest activity when embedded in DPPC lipid bilayers. Which of the following values (in A) would be the best estimate for the length of the hydrophobic region of PorinA1? O 38 O 51 O 31 O 42 O 38arrow_forwardRead This! When phospholipids are added to an aqueous environment (consisting mostly of water) the phospholipid molecules will spontaneously assemble into a phospholipid bilayer where the layers are held together by weak attractive forces between molecules. These structures are often seen in nature as cell and organelle membranes. 12. Consider animal cells, which are only bound by a cell membrane and plant cells which are bound by both a cell membrane and a cell wall. Are cell membranes flexible (fluid)? Provide specific examples to support your answer. 13. Explain why a phospholipid bilayer is flexible. terms of the strength of the forces that hold it together. 14. Refer to Model 1. a. What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b. Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. 15. The diagram below shows the chemical structure…arrow_forward
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