Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 51, Problem 6A
Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for influenza viruses?
a. They attack only the helper T cells, thereby suppressing the immune system.
b. They alter their surface proteins and thus avoid immune recognition.
c. They don’t actually generate an immune response; the “flu” is actually an inflammatory response.
d. They are too small to serve as good antigens.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Vaccines are given to provide protection against pathogen causing infections. Which of
the following statements best describes how vaccines work?
a Fever and swelling develop which is the first response in killing a pathogen
b. Antibodies in the vaccine provide the body with nonspecific immunity to an
antigen.
c. An inactivated or killed virus stimulates the body to develop specific immunity to
that type of virus.
d. Heathy bacteria causes the body to release toxins which will protect the body if
later exposed to different type of bacteria.
Jay, a young dad, takes his baby to the pediatrician several times in the first year of the child’s life. These visits will stimulate the baby to make memory cells against specific antigens. Why are these visits necessary? a. The baby is being vaccinated. b. The visits verify that the baby has a normal inflammatory response. c. The baby must have an unusual immune deficit that must be monitored. d. The baby’s blood is being filtered to remove foreign antigen.
Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections over and over again- unlike the rest of us.
A. What is probably wrong –B cells, helper T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells?
B. Should this person be at a higher risk of cancer than the rest of us?
C. Should this person be able to lyse bacterial cells as well as the rest of us?
D. Should this person tolerate a graft (from an unreated person) better than you are me?
Chapter 51 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 51 - Cells that target and kill body cells infected by...Ch. 51 - Structures on invading cells recognized by the...Ch. 51 - Which one of the following acts as the alarm...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4UCh. 51 - Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a....Ch. 51 - Diseases in which the persons immune system no...Ch. 51 - Suppose that a new disease is discovered that...Ch. 51 - You start a new job in a research lab. The lab...Ch. 51 - In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins...Ch. 51 - If you have type AB blood, which of the following...
Ch. 51 - Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying....Ch. 51 - If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering...Ch. 51 - Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for...Ch. 51 - Prob. 7ACh. 51 - Suppose you take a job in the marketing department...Ch. 51 - Prob. 2SCh. 51 - Prob. 3SCh. 51 - Toll-like receptors have been found in a wide...
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- Once Tfh cells have been activated against vaccine delivered intramuscularly which Constant (C) region will be juxtaposed to the VDJ region to produce antibody with high affinity viral-neutralising capacity in the tissues? a. Cy b. Ca c. Cụ d. Cɛarrow_forwardBased on the experience of the Philippines with the dengue vaccine, what can you conclude regarding the use of vaccines? a. Vaccines should be tested for long period of time before allowing any individual to take the vaccine.b. All aspects as on the long-term effects of vaccines, its effect on children, pregnant women, effect to reproductive system, immediate side effects and many more should be analysed first.c. Vaccines take time to be developed and studied for their effectivity and effects.d. All vaccines have side effects, only few individuals should have them.e. Vaccines that were tested for decades could be trusted for its safety but still precaution should be observed.arrow_forwardWhich pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has no immunity. A.an immune response will begin once the antigen enters lymphoid tissues as the lymph nodes B. IgA directed toward this coronavirus will be immediately present in respiratory secretions C. each Ab produced against an epitope of the coronavirus will have identical binding sites D. only B lymphocytes will be capable of responding to the coronavirus E. only IgM will be produced in the initial response.arrow_forward
- In what process is clonal selection important?a. Complement function c. Inflammationb. B cell activation d. Phagocytosisarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become clones? a. Antigen b. Interferon c. Antibody d. Complementarrow_forwardWhich of the following plays a role in the Arthus reaction?a. IgE antibodies. b. complement c. cell-associated antigen d. cytotoxic T cellsarrow_forward
- Some individuals are immune-compromised because their bodies do not make enough T-cells. What is the difference between a T-cell and any other cell type in the body? a. T-cells have different genomes than cells of other types b. T-cells have different genes than cells of other types c. T-cells have different proteins than cells of other typesarrow_forwardWhich of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of epithelium: extracellular pathogen c. nucleus: intracellular pathogen d. lymph: intracellular pathogenarrow_forwardWhich of these characteristics is not a major factor in adaptive oracquired immunity?a. specificity b. chemotaxis c. recognition d. memoryarrow_forward
- How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead to opportunistic infections? Select one: a. HIV kills/disables helper T cells b. HIV disables eating white blood cells of non specific immune system c. HIV kills your gut bacteria d. HIV disables B cells so they can’t produce antibodiesarrow_forwardSponges display nonspecific immunity. In an experiment, the cells of two different sponges were mixed and placed within a petri dish. The cells from each sponge sorted and arranged themselves together according to organism. What does this characteristic demonstrate? A. Sponges have memory T-cells and share a more recent common ancestor with vertebrates than other invertebrates. B. The experiment provides evidence for the speed of evolution and the use of specific immunity within the organism. C. Sponges have an ability to recognize their own cells as a characteristic of acquired immunity. D. Sharing genetic information from cell to cell is possible by means of receptors and protein-lined pits.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following most correctly describes vaccines containing live, attenuated pathogens? A.They are administered by injection. B.They provide little cell-mediated immunity. C.There is no possibility for reversion to pathogenic form. D.Pathogen does not multiply in human hosts E.They provide extended, sometimes life-long immunity.arrow_forward
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