Concept explainers
The amino acid
(S)-alanine
a. What is the melting point of
b. How does the melting point of a racemic mixture of
c. What is the specific rotation of
d. What is the optical rotation of a racemic mixture of
e. Label each of the following as optically active or inactive: a solution of pure
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- 1) When synthesising potential peptide drugs, it is often necessary to use unnatural amino acids. It is essential that we know the stereochemistry of these unnatural amino acids. Below are two line structures of two unnatural amino acids. Draw the S--enantiomer of each of these structures. + H₂N COO CH₂Br مشرق N.arrow_forwardSolve all partsarrow_forwardA. Give your comment(s) on the following questions below: 1. Are all chiral molecules enantiomers? Why or why not? 2. What is the difference between enantiomers and diastiomers ? 3. What are the differences between stereoisomers, structural isomers and constitutional isomers?arrow_forward
- e Quiz: HW 1: Ch 3: Alkanes AA Quiz: HW 2: Ch 4: Study of Reacti x A Quiz: HW 3: Ch 5: Stereochem A online.butlercc.edu/courses/1479546/quizzes/2495661/take Question 2 If (S)-glyceraldehyde has a specific rotation of -8.7°, what is the specific rotation of (R)- glyceraldehyde? cannot be determined from the information given 0.0° +8.7° -8.7°arrow_forwardCompound A is a D-aldopentose that can be oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid B. On Kiliani-Fischer chain extension, A is converted into C and D; C can be oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid E, but D is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid F. What is the structure of compound F? • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. If a group is achiral, do not use wedged or hashed bonds on it. • Show stereochemistry in a meso compound. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading.arrow_forwardMost naturally occurring amino acids have chiral centers (the asymmetric a carbon atoms)that are named (S) by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog convention (Section 5-3). The commonnaturally occurring form of cysteine has a chiral center that is named (R), however.(a) What is the relationship between (R)-cysteine and (S)-alanine? Do they have the oppositethree-dimensional configuration (as the names might suggest) or the same configuration?(b) (S)-Alanine is an l-amino acid (Figure 24-2). Is (R)-cysteine a d-amino acid or anl-amino acid?arrow_forward
- 3. Draw the structure of the following glycosides (chair, where applicable). a. Sucrose b. B-lactose Raffinose – the most prevalent trisaccharide found in sugar beets; has the name a-D-galactopyranosyl - (1 → 6) - a-D-glucopyranosyl - (1 → 2) -B-D- fructofuranoside С.arrow_forwardThe tea leaves that contain the caffeine to be isolated are predominantly composed of cellulose, a natural and extremely abundant polymer of glucose. Look up the chair structure of B-D-glucose (B-D-glucopyranose, the monomer from which the cellulose polymer is composed). Draw this structure, draw the flipped chair, and indicate which conformer you think is more stable, if either. BRIEFLY explain your choice.arrow_forwardWhy does the addition of bromine to fumaric acid require a high temperature for the reaction while other substrates (generic alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes) react with bromine at room temperature?arrow_forward
- Why are carbon atoms 1 and 3 of glyceraldehyde not considered chiral?arrow_forward3. HO" он HO. но, но HO OH Solanine Solanine is a naturally occurring compound that contain glycoside bonds as part of its structure. Determine the structure of aglycon and monosaccharides fomed when solanine is hydrolyzed with aqueous acid. Include all the appropriate anomers.arrow_forwardConsider alanine a. How many chiral centers? b. How many stereoisomers? c. Draw the fischer projection for each stereoisomer and determine the absolute configuration for each chiral center.arrow_forward
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