CAMPBELL BIOLOGY V1 PKG >C<
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY V1 PKG >C<
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781269881555
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 52, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction

To formulate: A hypothesis to explain the observed pattern that is obtained from the research.

Introduction: The distribution of species is the consequence of the evolutionary history as well as the ecological factors. For example, Kangaroos are located only in Australia. In various cases, both the abiotic and the biotic factors affect the species distribution.

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Consider a trophiccascade with 4 levels:  1) predatory fish that consume planktivorous fish, 2) planktivorous fish that consume zooplankton,3)  herbivorous zoplankton that consume phytoplankton, and 4) phytoplankton. True or False: A reduction in predatory fish will increase the level of phytoplankton.  True  False
Red-billed oxpeckers feed almost exclusively on what they can collect from the skin of large African mammals. This includes ticks and other ectoparasites, but also dead skin and blood of the mammal. The attached image shows a red-billed oxpecker sitting on the back of a warthog with a tick in its bill. A recent study found that the depletion of African mammals due to habitat loss and hunting leads to declines in oxpeckers. Researchers were interested in whether the nature of the interaction between African mammals and oxpeckers was context-dependent. They compared the effect of removal of oxpeckers in two areas in which the number of ticks on the mammals differed. Given the data described in the introduction to this section, what effect do African mammals have on oxpeckers a) Positive b) negative c) neutral
Red-billed oxpeckers feed almost exclusively on what they can collect from the skin of large African mammals. This includes ticks and other ectoparasites, but also dead skin and blood of the mammal. The attached image shows a red-billed oxpecker sitting on the back of a warthog with a tick in its bill. A recent study found that the depletion of African mammals due to habitat loss and hunting leads to declines in oxpeckers. Researchers were interested in whether the nature of the interaction between African mammals and oxpeckers was context-dependent. They compared the effect of removal of oxpeckers in two areas in which the number of ticks on the mammals differed. In area 2, stomach content data of oxpeckers showed they consumed ~400 ticks per day. Cows were infested experimentally with large numbers of tick larvae and then oxpeckers were introduced at different stages in the tick life cycle (larvae; nymph; adult). They counted the number of adult ticks that dropped off the…
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