Introduction :
Breathing is controlled from regions of the brainstem respiratory centers, which control both inspiration and expiration. These areas initiate and regulate nerve impulses that travel to various muscles of breathing.
Answer to Problem 1PL
Correct answer :
The correct answer is option (d) Pineal gland.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation/justification for the correct answer :
Option (d) Pineal gland.Pineal gland is a small conical endocrine gland that arises from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain. It produces melatonin and serotonin and may be involved in mood and timing the onset of puberty.So, the correct answer is option (d).
Explanation for incorrect answer :
Option (a) Brainstem. Breathing is controlled at two levels; conscious and unconscious. The autonomic, unconscious cycle of breathing is controlled by brainstem respiratory centers, such as the ventral respiratory group, dorsal respiratory group and pontine respiratory group.So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (b) Pons. Pontine respiratory group is present in pons.Neurons in the pons compose the pneumotaxic center. Input to the pneumotaxic center includes the cerebral cortex are conducted to the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group and the respiratory rhythm gets modified. So, this is an incorrect answer.
Option (c) Medulla oblongata.The ventral respiratory group and the dorsal respiratory group which control the autonomic, unconscious cycle of breathing is present in medulla oblongata.So, this is an incorrect answer.
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Chapter 53 Solutions
Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology (Cat Version)
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