Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781488687075
Author: Lisa, A. Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 53.3, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To predict: How genetic drift and natural selection could affect a population, where a sudden change in the condition of the environment, has caused a drop in the
Concept introduction: K or the Carrying capacity is defined as the environment that can sustain maximum
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Try to outline a scenario explaining the evolution of the three species shown in panel g. Use migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection, reproductive isolation, gene flow, extinction, and many generations in your scenario. Based on your scenario, what are the components that are necessary in a population in order for it to split or diverge into two new daughter species from a single ancestor (the parent species)?
EVOLUTION ASSESSMENT - FINCHES
Galápagos Ground Finches
Between 1973 and 1978, the population of ground finches (a type of small bird) on the Galápagos Islands
decreased. Scientists made observations of the population throughout that time period. They recorded
and graphed differences in the distribution of traits over time. The two sets of graphs below come from
the data they collected.
Beak Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978
Wet 1973: all finches
# of finches
30
# of finches
25
20
15
10
5
0
30
25
20
15
10
5
12-01
0
$4.9
80-84
30.0-
11.5-11.9
Beak Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
35.0-39.9
40.0-44.9
12.5-12.9
13.0-13.4
13.5-13.9
14.0-
Wing Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978
Wet 1973: all finches
65.0
Wing Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
70.0-74.9
# of finches
75.0-
30
25
# of finches
20
10
5
0
30
25
20
15
O
10
5
0
Wet 1978: all finches
7.0-74
7.5-7.9
80-8.4
85-80
9.0-94
9.5-9.9
10.0-1
30.0-34.9
10.5-10.9
11.0-11.4…
MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain variation at a locus (see Concept 23.4). Based on theforaging experiments described in this chapter, devise asimple hypothesis to explain the presence of both for Rand forsalleles in natural fly populations
Chapter 53 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
Ch. 53.1 - DRAW IT Each female of a particular fish species...Ch. 53.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 53.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 53.2 - Explain why a constant per capita rate of growth...Ch. 53.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 53.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 53.3 - Explain why a population that fits the logistic...Ch. 53.3 - WHAT IF? Given the latitudinal differences in...Ch. 53.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 53.4 - Identify three key life history traits, and give...
Ch. 53.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 53.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 53.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 53.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose you were studying a species that...Ch. 53.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 53.6 - How does a human population's age structure affect...Ch. 53.6 - How have the rate and number of people added to...Ch. 53.6 - WHAT IF? Type "personal ecological footprint...Ch. 53 - Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) gather each...Ch. 53 - Suppose one population has an r that is twice as...Ch. 53 - Prob. 53.3CRCh. 53 - Prob. 53.4CRCh. 53 - Density-dependent factors regulate population...Ch. 53 - The human population is no longer growing...Ch. 53 - Population ecologists follow the fate of same-age...Ch. 53 - A population's carrying capacity (A) may change as...Ch. 53 - Scientific study of the population cycles of the...Ch. 53 - Analyzing ecological footprints reveals that (A)...Ch. 53 - Based on current growth rates, Earth's human...Ch. 53 - The observation that members of a population are...Ch. 53 - According to the logistic growth equation...Ch. 53 - During exponential growth, a population always (A)...Ch. 53 - Which of the following statements about human...Ch. 53 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 53 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Contrast the selective...Ch. 53 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 53 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a short essay...Ch. 53 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Locusts (grasshoppers in...
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- MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how natural selection could increase the resemblance of a harmlessspecies to a distantly related harmful species. In addition to selection, what else could account for a harmlessspecies resembling a closely related harmful species? (See Concept 22.2.)arrow_forwardEcology regarding sexual selection: In zebra finch females prefer males who have a larger yellow cheek patch. Researchers investigating this preference think that females must benefit from choosing males with large cheek patches. Provide three hypotheses regarding the direct, or indirect benefits, she might receive.arrow_forwardEnvironment Unpolluted woods Polluted woods Number of individuals taken by birds Light morph Dark morph 26 43 164 15 [LSC 3] Review the results of Kettlewell's (1950) experiment on peppered moths (above). Which of the following conclusions is BEST supported by this evidence? Sexual selection was a mechanism of evolution driving the increased frequency of dark morphs. Light colored moths survived better regardless of habitat, suggesting that their fitness was higher than that of the dark morphs. Natural selection favored different alleles for moth color in different environments. Genetic drift randomly changed allele frequencies over time in this population.arrow_forward
- Please show work - Evolution: Population genetics: 4. An inbreeding population of guppies loses about 1/5th of its heterozygosity every generation. What is the effective population size? Please show work - calculationsarrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a population are determined to be 0.6 BB. 0.0 Bb, and 0.4 bb. Is it likely that this population meets all the conditions required for genetic equilibrium?arrow_forwardNeed help It has been found that rats with the genotype Ww are more resistant to Warfarin than either WW that have a VitK deficiency or ww that are very susceptible. Given that the relative fitness values are 1 for Ww, 0.37 for WW and 0.19 for ww, predict the allele and genotype frequencies once Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is established for a rat population in a grain elevator where warfarin is used continually. Suggest what might happen if warfarin use was stopped.arrow_forward
- EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain the biological basis forassigning all human populations to a single species. Can youthink of a scenario by which a second human species couldoriginate in the future?arrow_forwardREAD THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection. REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR: 17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland? 17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom- poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not? 17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur must exist within a trait.arrow_forwardScenario 2In the year 2015, another group of scientists studied the squirrel coat color and found that the population of squirrels had increased. They found 850 squirrels in the same area, of which 115 had a red coat. Assume that the population is in Hardy Weinberg’s equilibrium. 5B. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?(Put your answer here rounded to the nearest hundredth)arrow_forward
- Art Connections Directions: With the knowledge you gained about the mechanism of evolution, answer the following questions using illustrations/drawing. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Give an example of natural selection that happens in your locality. 2. Where do you think genetic drift will likely happen more quickly on an island or the mainland? 3. How do pollinators contribute to the gene flow?arrow_forwardFitness and Selection: Rodent tails A researcher is studying a rodent species with a lot of variability in tail length. Individuals may have short tails, medium tails, or long tails. The researcher has noticed that a new invasive predator, which catches prey by their tails as they try to escape, seems to catch individuals with long tails more often than those with short tails. Based on a small field trial, the relative fitness of long-tailed individuals seems to be 0.6 compared to short-tailed ones (1.0), with medium tails in-between (0.8). Use the Examples tab to predict the outcome after selection for the rodent in regions with the invasive predator. What describes the population after 100 generations of selection? Choose all that apply. A-Short Tailed individuals are the most common phenotype. B-Short Tailed individuals are the only phenotype. C-This is an example of disruptive selection. D- The long tailed phenotype is no longer present E-This is an example of directional…arrow_forwardVISUAL SKILLS Consider a population in which heterozygotes at a certain locus have an extreme phenotype(such as being larger than homozygotes) that confersa selective advantage. Compare this description to themodels of selection modes shown in Figure 23.13. Doesthis situation represent directional, disruptive, or stabilizing selection? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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