Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 54, Problem 13TYK
Why do most food chains consist of only three to five links?
- a. There are only five trophic levels: producers; primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers; and decomposers.
- b. Most communities are controlled bottom-up by mineral nutrient supply.
- c. According to the energetic hypothesis, the inefficiency of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next limits the number of links.
- d. According to the trophic cascade model, increasing the biomass of top trophic levels causes a decrease in the biomass of lower levels, so that the top levels are limited.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
a) Each trophic level, on average, will move 10% of the energy tied up in molecules to the next trophic level. How much of the energy from the sun is actually brought in to the first trophic level?
b) When the producers convert energy and tie it up in the first trophic level, it is brought in as heat. True or false?
c) Which of the following are true about ecosystems? Check all that apply.
They contain both living and nonliving components.They contain both living and nonliving components.
There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy.There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy.
Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem.Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem.
They represent the lowest level of biological organization.They represent the lowest level of biological organization.
The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is organic molecules.
Describe how energy flows through a hypothetical food chain from the bottom to the top. What happens to the numbers of individuals in each level as you move up the chain? In order to turn your food chain into a food web, what might you change about the trophic habits of its members?
A pyramid of energy reveals the flow of energy from producers to primary consumers and to higher trophic levels. Why is the energy reducing
Chapter 54 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 54 - When two spiny mouse species coexist, Acomys...Ch. 54 - Name the type of mimicry described in each of the...Ch. 54 - Name and give examples of the interspecific...Ch. 54 - Tide pool 1 has three species of sea urchins with...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5IQCh. 54 - Describe the effects of the alder stage on soil...Ch. 54 - Why would the fact that tropical communities are...Ch. 54 - a. How do the rates of immigration and extinction...Ch. 54 - Why are ecologists trapping and testing migrating...Ch. 54 - Complete the following concept map to organize...
Ch. 54 - Community ecologists develop models or hypotheses...Ch. 54 - Two allopatric species of Galapagos finches have...Ch. 54 - The greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena...Ch. 54 - Two other species of octopus (H. maculosa and H....Ch. 54 - Two species, A and B, occupy adjoining...Ch. 54 - Two shops in the same block are selling coffee and...Ch. 54 - A palatable (good-tasting) prey species may defend...Ch. 54 - Most humans are host to mites of the genus Demodex...Ch. 54 - The species richness of a community refers to the...Ch. 54 - You have a friend who is a strict vegan; that is,...Ch. 54 - Ecologists survey the tree species in two forest...Ch. 54 - When one species was removed from a tide pool, the...Ch. 54 - Invasive species often reach a large biomass...Ch. 54 - Why do most food chains consist of only three to...Ch. 54 - According to the top-down (trophic cascade) model...Ch. 54 - During succession, inhibition by early species a....Ch. 54 - According to the nonequilibrium model, a. chance...Ch. 54 - Which of the following shows a mismatch between...Ch. 54 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 54 - A major explanation for the decline in species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 20TYK
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- At which point in the trophic pyramid is the greatest arount (not percentage) of energy lost? A) Between the primary producers and the primary consumers B) Between the primary consumers and the secondary consumers C)Between the secondary consumers and the tertiary consumers D) Between the secondary consumers and the primary producersarrow_forwardA food chain would be a better resource than a food web to answer which question? a. How does energy move from an organism in one trophic level to an organism on the next trophic level? b. How does energy move within a trophic level? c. What preys on grasses? d. How is organic matter recycled in a forest?arrow_forwardWhich statement about energy flow in ecosystems is accurate? A.Energy flow reaches an equilibrium within ecosystems such that every trophic level has the same amount of energy. B. Because forests have relatively few large trees which support numerous smaller organisms, they have less energy at the lowest trophic level than at higher trophic levels. C. Energy is recycled within ecosystems, moving from producers to consumers to decomposers and back to producers. D. Energy flows through ecosystems with some lost at every transition resulting in lower trophic levels always containing more energy than higher trophic levels. E. Aquatic ecosystems have more energy at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels, whereas terrestrial ecosystems have more energy at lower trophic levels. Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere pleasearrow_forward
- What does each pie slice represent? a. Amount of energy available to support each trophic level b. Amount of energy that can be converted to biomass at a higher trophic level c. Amount of energy available from the sun d. Inefficiency of energy flow from one trophic level to the nextarrow_forwarda. What factors cause energy to decrease with each trophic level?b. How is it possible for energy to be lost and the ecosystem to stillrun efficiently?c. Are the nutrients on the earth a renewable resource? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIn a temperate grassland system area of North America, vegetation has been destroyed by fire. What will happen to the net primary productivity and the local ecosystem when rains return in the next season? a The grasses will grow back, but the herbivores that lived there will not return, as they would have found new land to live on. Therefore, the net primary productivity would decrease. b The grasses will not grow back, therefore the herbivores that lived there will not return. Thus, the net primary productivity would decrease. c The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity should also be similar to the previous season. d The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity would be less than the previous season.arrow_forward
- EcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardWhich are the organisms in one of the food chains in this food web? Who is the producer in the food chain you circled? explain why the hawk in this food web is a trophic omnivore even though it does not eat both plants and animals.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast trophic levels, food chains, and food webs. How are these concepts related, and how do they differ?arrow_forward
- Using the concepts of trophic levels and energy flow, explain why the ecological footprint of a vegetarian person is smaller than that of a meat-eaterarrow_forwardIn an ecosystem with four levels producers, primary consumers, and two higher-level consumers describe where the decomposers operate within the context of these trophic levels. Can you give me two examples?arrow_forwardIn the diagrams below, primary producers are shown in green bars (bottom), primary consumers (herbivores) in orange bars (middle), and secondary consumers (carnivores) in red bars (top). Which of the diagrams shows the relative amounts of energy across trophic levels in a grassland? A- Diagram B B- Diagram E C- Diagram A D- Diagram C E- Diagram Darrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Microbial Nutrition and Growth; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK3UkyWjkl8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY