Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323691519
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54.2, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: How would biomass of grass change if the community organization models, bottom-up model and top-down model are applied.
Concept introduction:
Two community organization models are common: the bottom-up model and the top-down model.
The bottom-up model depicts a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels in which presence or absence of mineral nutrients controls the plant numbers which in turn controls the herbivore. Herbivore finally controls the predator numbers. Top-down model says that the community organization depends mainly upon the interactions which finally results in predation.
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Which option below most likely describes the nature of the pollutant and the trophic levels of
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O Black squares represent a primary producer, red triangles an herbivore, and blue circles a predator.
The pollutant is biomagnifying in the community.
Blue circles represent a primary producer, black squares an herbivore, and red triangles a predator.
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A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary
producers: 4,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 480 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 72
gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 24 gC/m2/day.
Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman's Law for ecological efficiency?
No, the average efficiency is 20%
O Yes, the average efficiency is 10%
O No, the average efficiency is 10%
O Yes, the average efficiency is 20%
WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic levels:grasses, mice, snakes, raccoons, and bobcats. If youreleased additional bobcats into the grassland, howwould grass biomass change if the bottom-up modelapplied? If the top-down model applied
Chapter 54 Solutions
Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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